Non-Kinetic Effects for Highly Contested Environments | 1st Annual Airpower Futures Forum
Mar 7, 2025
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Larry Fenner, Commander of the 350th Spectrum Warfare Wing, leads a discussion on the vital role of electromagnetic spectrum operations in modern military strategies. Alongside Chris Moeller from BAE Systems, Nick Bucci of General Atomics, and Paul DeLia from L3Harris, they delve into how the Ukraine conflict informs current practices and the need for rapid adaptability in response to new threats. The conversation also covers the evolution of directed energy weapons, challenges in electronic warfare training, and strategies to counter emerging threats from Russia and China.
The Air Force must prioritize Electromagnetic Spectrum Operations (EMSO) to prevent tactical disadvantages in modern air combat scenarios.
The ongoing conflict in Ukraine illustrates the effectiveness of low-cost electronic warfare, calling for military adaptation to commercial technologies.
Integration of AI and machine learning into EMSO is essential for real-time data analysis and enhancing operational effectiveness in evolving threats.
Deep dives
The Critical Need for EMSO Operations
The necessity for the Air Force to emphasize Electromagnetic Spectrum Operations (EMSO) is paramount in today’s information age. Without a strong focus on EMSO, there is a significant risk of losing air combat operations, as highlighted by Colonel Fenner who asserts that losing the spectrum equates to losing the fight. Given the real-world implications showcased in conflicts like Ukraine, the ability to dominate the electromagnetic spectrum is not just a tactical advantage but a fundamental requirement for operational success. The development of a skilled workforce proficient in EMSO is vital, as sophisticated operations cannot rely solely on untrained personnel.
Insights from the Ukraine Conflict
The ongoing conflict in Ukraine serves as a pivotal case study for EMSO, demonstrating that the costs associated with disrupting electronic systems can be relatively low. This access to commercial technologies has allowed various actors to engage in effective electronic warfare without extensive military resources. Observations from the battlefield indicate that traditional reliance on high-tech military equipment is challenged by easily modifiable commercial items, making it imperative for military forces to adapt quickly. The necessity for effective spectrum management strategies that leverage alternative communication methods beyond conventional systems like GPS is also emphasized.
Challenges in the Pacific Theater
In the Pacific Theater, unique electromagnetic spectrum challenges arise, particularly given the vast geographical expanse and the nature of potential conflict beyond traditional land engagements. The complexity of operations over vast oceanic areas introduces new considerations for spectrum exploitation, as capabilities that may work in Ukraine could be ineffective in naval contexts. To maintain a robust operational posture, the Air Force must revise strategies to ensure air superiority while utilizing joint capabilities across air, sea, and land. Moreover, achieving electromagnetic superiority becomes even more critical as operations evolve in response to adversarial advancements in the region.
The Role of AI and Machine Learning in EMSO
Artificial Intelligence (AI) and machine learning are becoming indispensable tools for managing the overwhelming amounts of data gathered during operations in the electromagnetic spectrum. The integration of AI will enable real-time data analysis, empowering warfighters to respond swiftly to emerging threats. This shift is crucial as it allows for advancements like cognitive electronic warfare, where systems can adapt to changing environments and counter adversarial tactics more efficiently. Establishing effective machine learning protocols will ultimately enhance operational effectiveness and speed up the decision-making processes inherent in EMSO.
Enhancing Collaboration Between Military and Industry
Establishing a rapid and effective collaboration between military personnel and the defense industry is vital for evolving EMSO capabilities. The dynamic nature of threats necessitates that both sectors work together with agility, reducing the timeframes for capability integration from months or years to mere days. A focus on open system architectures, software-defined radios, and modular systems will facilitate faster adaptations to emerging technologies and threats. By leveraging real-time data sharing and fostering innovation through collaborative efforts, the Air Force can significantly enhance its electromagnetic warfare capabilities and preparedness for future conflicts.
