The Physiology of Hypoglycemia and Counter-Regulatory Mechanisms

Hypoglycemia is defined by low blood glucose levels, triggering a series of counter-regulatory mechanisms in the body. When blood glucose levels decrease, insulin production decreases, signaling the liver to increase glucose production through glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis. Additionally, the hormone glucagon is released to further raise blood glucose levels. In cases of persistent hypoglycemia, epinephrine, cortisol, and growth hormone may be secreted to counteract low blood glucose.