
The Bitcoin Standard Podcast 295. The Fiat Standard Lecture 14: Bitcoin Scaling
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Oct 14, 2025 Delve into the world of Bitcoin scaling with insights on why on-chain transactions face hard limits. Explore the necessity of keeping block space scarce for immutability. Discover how economic incentives shift smaller payments to second-layer solutions, particularly the Lightning Network, which facilitates rapid, inexpensive transactions. Learn about the contrasting roles of on-chain versus non-cash payments and the future of Bitcoin as it evolves with specialized routing businesses and managed liquidity services, balancing decentralization with usability.
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On-Chain Capacity Is Deeply Limited
- Bitcoin cannot match current global non-cash transaction volume on-chain because it would need orders-of-magnitude more capacity.
- This limitation forces a layered scaling model where on-chain remains final settlement.
Bigger Blocks Centralize Nodes
- Increasing Bitcoin's block size drastically reduces the ability for ordinary users to run nodes and centralizes the network.
- Decentralization inherently trades off efficiency, so brute-force block-size scaling undermines Bitcoin's value proposition.
Accessibility Enables Decentralization
- Decentralization requires cheap, accessible hardware so many people can validate the chain frequently.
- If blocks become huge, only expensive specialized hardware can keep up, excluding most users.










