The Bitcoin Standard Podcast

295. The Fiat Standard Lecture 14: Bitcoin Scaling

6 snips
Oct 14, 2025
Delve into the world of Bitcoin scaling with insights on why on-chain transactions face hard limits. Explore the necessity of keeping block space scarce for immutability. Discover how economic incentives shift smaller payments to second-layer solutions, particularly the Lightning Network, which facilitates rapid, inexpensive transactions. Learn about the contrasting roles of on-chain versus non-cash payments and the future of Bitcoin as it evolves with specialized routing businesses and managed liquidity services, balancing decentralization with usability.
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INSIGHT

On-Chain Capacity Is Deeply Limited

  • Bitcoin cannot match current global non-cash transaction volume on-chain because it would need orders-of-magnitude more capacity.
  • This limitation forces a layered scaling model where on-chain remains final settlement.
INSIGHT

Bigger Blocks Centralize Nodes

  • Increasing Bitcoin's block size drastically reduces the ability for ordinary users to run nodes and centralizes the network.
  • Decentralization inherently trades off efficiency, so brute-force block-size scaling undermines Bitcoin's value proposition.
INSIGHT

Accessibility Enables Decentralization

  • Decentralization requires cheap, accessible hardware so many people can validate the chain frequently.
  • If blocks become huge, only expensive specialized hardware can keep up, excluding most users.
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