The podcast discusses the US's dependence on Russian uranium for nuclear power, the efforts to build up domestic capabilities, and the reopening of a uranium conversion facility. It explores the challenges of reducing dependency on Russian uranium and the shifting geopolitical landscape in the uranium market.
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Quick takeaways
The US is heavily dependent on Russian uranium for its nuclear power plants, which is a result of a commercial relationship established after the Cold War.
To reduce this dependency, the US is working on rebuilding its uranium capabilities, including creating a domestic stockpile of nuclear fuel and supporting the development of small modular reactors.
Deep dives
Dependence on Russian Uranium
The US has been relying on Russia for much of its hard-to-enrich uranium needed for nuclear power plants. This dependency dates back to the end of the Cold War, where a commercial relationship was established to import Russian weapons-grade uranium for American nuclear power plants. However, recent events such as the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster and the fracking boom in the US have led to a decline in the US uranium industry and the closure of several nuclear reactors. This has resulted in a limited domestic supply chain for uranium. Russia holds a significant share of the global enriched uranium market, supplying about a quarter of the fuel in US nuclear power plants.
Rebuilding the West's Uranium Capabilities
The US, along with its allies, is now aiming to rebuild its uranium capabilities and reduce dependence on Russian uranium. This includes creating a domestic stockpile of nuclear fuel and developing long-term commitments from customers to justify expansion in uranium production. Efforts are also being made to support the development of small modular reactors, which require a different type of nuclear fuel. However, achieving self-sufficiency would require significant investments, long-term planning, and coordination with utilities to shift from international to domestic suppliers.
Geopolitical Concerns and Resilient Supply Chains
The recent political instability in Niger, one of the top uranium producers, highlights the geopolitical stakes involved in the nuclear fuel business. Countries are realizing the need for redundant supply chains to avoid dependence on potentially unstable suppliers. This has sparked efforts by Western companies to displace Russian fuel makers and expand their own capabilities. However, fully removing Russian involvement from the international nuclear fuel cycle remains challenging. The US government is grappling with this issue and exploring options to ensure a secure and reliable uranium supply for both national security and commercial purposes.
About half of the enriched uranium that nations around the world use for nuclear power comes from Russia. It supplies almost a quarter of America’s 92 nuclear reactors and dozens of other plants across Europe and Asia. The US is now trying to change that with a big push to build up its own capabilities. Bloomberg’s Jonathan Tirone and Will Wade join this episode to talk about what it will take for the US and its allies to free themselves from Russian uranium.