Issues, Etc. The Two Realms of God’s Rule – Dr. Joel Biermann, 10/2/25 (2752)
Oct 2, 2025
Dr. Joel Biermann is a systematic theology professor at Concordia Seminary and author of 'The Two Realms and the Separation of Church and State.' He unpacks Luther's teachings on the spiritual and temporal realms, emphasizing their significance beyond mere church and state separation. Biermann discusses the relationship between the two realms, engaging with Scripture and historical misunderstandings. He argues for active Christian engagement in the world, motivated by the gospel, and clarifies distinctions between submission and obedience in government.
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Realms Are Vertical And Horizontal
- The two realms distinguish coram Deo (spiritual) and coram mundo (temporal), not simply 'church' and 'state'.
- The temporal realm includes family, work, culture, and all creation stewardship, with government as one institution among many.
Confessions Uphold Temporal Vocations
- The Lutheran confessions (especially AC XVI) affirm that temporal vocations like trade, marriage, and just wars are good and God-ordained.
- Melanchthon explicitly separated ecclesial and temporal authority to reject radical rejection of the world.
Use 'Realm' To Avoid Gnostic Mapping
- Translate Luther's regiment as 'realm' or 'sphere' to avoid conflating with God-vs-Satan 'kingdom' language.
- Using 'kingdoms' for God/Satan and 'realms' for spiritual/temporal prevents a Gnostic devaluation of creation.
