The podcast delves into the rise of Buddhism in China during the Han Dynasty, the rivalries among three religions for power, and the planting of seeds of Neo-Confucianism by Tang scholar-officials. It also explores the Confucian Daotong Lineage and the revival of Confucianism in the Tang Dynasty amidst conflicts with Buddhism.
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Quick takeaways
Rivalries among religions in Han Dynasty led to varied political influences.
The Tang Dynasty's promotion of Confucianism spurred a resurgence in Neo-Confucian philosophy.
Deep dives
Evolution of Chinese Philosophy in the 3rd Century CE
In the 3rd century CE, both Confucianism and Taoism had matured during the post-Han Dynasty period. This era marked a significant sophistication in understanding compared to previous dynasties. The Silk Road, thriving for close to 400 years, facilitated the exchange of diverse ideas, sciences, and cultures across East and West. Scholars in the mid-3rd century CE witnessed a transition towards more refined philosophical discourse.
Buddhism's Rise During the Disunited Period After the Han Dynasty
Following the collapse of the Han Dynasty, Buddhism experienced a flourishing period during the chaotic disunited era. Known as the Six Dynasties period, from 280 to 589, Buddhism spread rapidly, attracting both common people and elites seeking solace during times of hardship. The patronage of the Sui Dynasty's founder and empress further boosted Buddhism's influence, allowing it to gain a foothold in the political sphere.
Revival of Confucianism in the Tang Dynasty
In the Tang Dynasty, Confucianism faced competition from Taoism and Buddhism but remained influential among the elite and in government. Tang Taizong's efforts, establishing Confucian temples and standardizing Confucian classics, led to a renaissance of Confucian philosophy. Early Tang Confucian reformers like Han Yu and others revived Confucianism, paving the way for Neo-Confucianism that emerged later in the Northern Song Dynasty.
Among the many changes happening in China towards the end of the Han Dynasty was a rise in the popularity of Buddhism. Rivalries began to arise among the three religions as they jockeyed for positions in the halls of power. The seeds of Neo-Confucianism are planted by Tang scholar-officials: Han Yu, Li Ao, and Liu Zongyuan. We also look at the Confucian Daotong Lineage.