In this discussion, Isabel Hilton, journalist and founder of Dialogue Earth, joins Neeraj Singh Manhas, an expert on transboundary rivers, to unpack the implications of China's new mega-dam in Medog County. They dive into the geopolitical tensions this project raises for India and Bangladesh, focusing on shared water resources. The conversation highlights ecological concerns and the urgent need for cooperative water management in light of climate challenges. Their insights shed light on the delicate balance of power in Asia's water politics.
China's approval of the mega dam in Tibet raises significant concerns about water allocation and political tensions with India and Bangladesh.
The ecological and human impacts of large dam projects, including displacement and disruption of local ecosystems, highlight the need for sustainable water management.
Deep dives
The Implications of China's Mega Dam Project
China's recent approval of a mega dam in Medog County, Tibet, is set to generate three times more energy than the famous Three Gorges Dam, raising significant concerns among neighboring countries, particularly India and Bangladesh. This project is expected to heavily impact the Yarlong Zampor river, which flows into these countries, fundamentally altering the regional water politics. With an investment of approximately $137 billion, the dam's construction has rekindled worries about water management practices and potential unilateral actions by China concerning transboundary rivers. The absence of clear water-sharing agreements intensifies these concerns, as the downstream nations fear significant changes in water flow and availability will arise from this mega project.
Tensions Over Shared Water Resources
The construction of dams along shared rivers, such as the Brahmaputra and its tributaries, has historically fueled tensions between India, Bangladesh, and China. Each country perceives these rivers as vital resources, leading to suspicions regarding water allocation and potential misuse by upstream countries. The lack of formal water-sharing agreements, particularly between India and China, exacerbates the issue, causing India to vocally protest China's unilateral decisions. Moreover, Bangladesh's position as a downstream country heightens risks of ecological harm and water scarcity, making negotiations and cooperative management crucial for sustaining regional peace.
Environmental and Human Impact of Dam Projects
The ecological repercussions of large dam constructions like the one in Medog County can lead to significant human displacement and disruption of local ecosystems. Historical examples, such as the Three Gorges Dam, have shown that these projects displace millions and degrade surrounding habitats, raising alarms about the potential human and environmental toll in Tibet. In addition to displacing communities, damming rivers can alter sediment flow, impacting agriculture in downstream regions reliant on nutrient-rich silt. Concerns over the enduring health of the rivers, the species that depend on them, and the local populations affected underline the necessity for sustainable and equitable management of transboundary water resources.
Just before the end of 2024, Chinese state media Xinhua slipped out an announcement – the long discussed mega-dam in Medog County, Tibet, has been greenlit. When built, it will generate three times more energy than China’s Three Gorges dam, currently the largest in the world.
The Xinhua write-up gave few other details, but the news has caused reverberations across Asia as the river on which the dam would be built, the Yarlung Tsangpo, flows into both India and Bangladesh. The existence of the dam could, as we will hear in this episode, have extensive impact on these downriver countries.
To break down the complicated water politics of the region, I’m joined today by Chinese Whispers regular, the journalist Isabel Hilton, who founded the climate NGO Dialogue Earth (formerly known as China Dialogue); and Neeraj Singh Manhas, an expert on transboundary rivers and Asian water politics, currently at South Korea’s Parley Policy Initiative.
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