This discussion dives into Richard Rorty's unapologetic pragmatism, challenging authoritarian views on democracy and truth. The speakers examine how individual judgment shapes beliefs within a community, arguing that ethics and morality should evolve through collective dialogue. They tackle the differences between resemblance and representation in knowledge, and the dangers of discarding objective truths, cautioning against subjective tyranny. Additionally, the complexities of consensus in defining truth are explored, particularly regarding religion and its societal implications.
Rorty argues that democracy and ethics should be determined by societal discourse rather than absolute truths or religious authorities.
His pluralistic approach promotes diverse paths to moral living, encouraging exploration beyond dogmatic beliefs for communal well-being.
Deep dives
Pragmatism and Religion: An Anti-Authoritarian View
Richard Rorty's approach to pragmatism highlights a critical engagement with the concept of authority, particularly in the context of religion. He argues against the notion that individuals should seek understanding or guidance from external, non-human authorities, like God or abstract truths, suggesting instead that authority should originate from human experience and the collective discursive process. This perspective posits that our understanding of religion should empower individual flourishing and facilitate democratic engagement, rather than subservience to dogma. Rorty's goal is to advocate for a pragmatic approach that fosters human autonomy and a communal sense of responsibility towards each other’s moral and ethical growth.
The Role of Discursive Community
The concept of the discursive community plays a pivotal role in Rorty's philosophy, emphasizing that truth is not an intrinsic quality but emerges from social interactions and shared experiences. Rorty suggests that beliefs are validated through their capacity to enhance collective happiness rather than their alignment with an objective reality. This viewpoint indicates that our beliefs, including religious ones, must be treated as hypotheses that should be tested and found consequential in communal living. Rorty's discourse insists that embracing diverse viewpoints, while consistently aiming for the well-being of others, is crucial for a functioning and just society.
Individual Flourishing Versus Monotheistic Authority
Rorty critiques monotheistic religions for promoting an exclusive truth that hinders individual freedom and flourishing. He champions a polytheistic perspective that values diverse paths to moral and ethical living, urging that individuals should not limit themselves to one interpretative framework. This pluralism encourages people to explore various insights, traditions, and philosophies that can inspire their growth and contribution to society, without the constraints of dogmatic beliefs. The emphasis on mutual respect for varying beliefs underpins Rorty's vision of a collective society that prioritizes personal and communal happiness.
Epistemology and the Pursuit of Truth
Rorty’s epistemological perspective suggests that the pursuit of truth should not appeal to an objective reality outside human understanding, but instead focus on the communal processes of discourse. He contends that truth is derived from practical engagement within our communities, highlighting how our beliefs are often shaped by shared experiences and collective reasoning. Rorty incorporates psychological insights to assert that knowledge and truth are not mere representations of an external world but are intrinsically linked to human desires for understanding and agency. This pragmatic approach signals a shift from seeking ultimate truths to engaging in practices that enhance human connections and societal well-being.
On Richard Rorty's Pragmatism As Anti-Authoritarianism (1997), ch. 1-2 about religion. Should democracy be defended on absolutist grounds, e.g. by reference to God-given or natural rights, the nature of Man, or the dictates of Reason?
Rorty says no! Democracy, ethics, and even truth itself are a matter for societies to decide for themselves. Monotheistic religion provides a negative model for ceding authority on these matters no something non-human.