Physicist Edward Witten, known for M-Theory, discusses his career, fascination with quark confinement, pragmatic approach to research, and the discovery of the J.S.I. particle. He also explores the unification of string theory and supersymmetry, the relevance of Morse theory, and the ongoing quest for a theory of everything.
Edward Witten's M-Theory presents a potential 'theory of everything' by uniting quantum mechanics and Einstein's theory of gravity.
Being open-minded and pragmatic in research is essential to make progress and explore ripe areas for exploration.
Deep dives
Edward Whitten's contribution to M theory and quark confinement problem
Edward Whitten is a renowned physicist known for his work on M theory, which combines quantum mechanics and Einstein's theory of gravity. He has made significant contributions to our understanding of the nature of reality itself. Whitten has been fascinated by the problem of quark confinement, which refers to the inability to isolate individual quarks from particles like protons and neutrons. Although this problem remains unsolved, Whitten's work on related topics has shed light on new approaches and offered modest contributions. He emphasizes the importance of finding questions worth answering and being pragmatic in research.
The importance of being open-minded and pragmatic in research
Whitten emphasizes the importance of being open-minded and pragmatic in research. He believes that having preconceptions about what to study can limit progress and overlook ripe areas for exploration. Whitten notes that finding the right balance between exciting and challenging research questions is crucial. He mentions that Einstein's preconceptions guided him in his revolutionary work on gravity, but he acknowledges that not everyone can be an Einstein.
Whitten's journey from history to theoretical physics
Whitten's journey into theoretical physics was not straightforward. Despite initially studying history, he eventually realized that his talents lay in math and physics. He delved into theoretical physics, starting with an MA in Applied Maths and a PhD in physics. Whitten faced challenges catching up with his peers due to his non-physics background, but a period of remarkable discoveries in the field helped him stay on track.
String theory, knot theory, and the unification of forces
Whitten has made groundbreaking contributions to string theory, a leading candidate for the theory of everything. He explains that elementary particles are not point-like but rather extended strings or loops that vibrate. He draws an analogy with the vibrations of piano or violin strings, where different harmonics correspond to different particles. Additionally, Whitten's work on knot theory and the Jones polynomial, which compares and understands knots mathematically, has had a significant impact on both mathematics and physics. His collaborations and breakthroughs have brought closer connections between gravity, curved space, and quantum subatomic particles.
The Life Scientific returns with a special episode from the USA; Princeton, New Jersey, to be precise.
Here, the Institute for Advanced Study has hosted some of the greatest scientific minds of our time - Einstein was one of its first Professors, J. Robert Oppenheimer its longest-serving director - and today's guest counts among them.
Edward Witten is Professor Emeritus at the Institute and the physicist behind M-Theory, a leading contender for what is commonly referred to as ‘the theory of everything’, uniting quantum mechanics and Einstein’s theory of gravity.
He talks to Jim Al-Khalili about a career that’s spanned some of the most exciting periods in modern theoretical physics - and about one particular problem that's both obsessed and eluded him since his days as a student…
Produced by Lucy Taylor.
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