Race is a socially constructed idea, not a biological reality, with humans sharing 99.9% genetic similarity.
Exploitation and economic interests motivated the invention of race to justify exploitation of African people.
Deep dives
The Concept of Race as a Social Construct
Race as a social construct has been historically presented as a biological fact, particularly through the classification of races such as Caucasoid, Mongoloid, and Negroid. However, science now reveals that the idea of race isn't biologically real but socially constructed. Genetic studies show that humans share 99.9% genetic similarity. Constructing race served the purpose of telling a specific narrative tracing back to Western civilization.
Origins of Racial Ideas
The invention of race and racism is attributed to historical figures such as Gomez de Zurara, who justified the exploitation of African people through dehumanizing narratives. The notion of Africans as inferior was perpetuated to support the economic interests of colonial powers. The perception of race as a hierarchy based on physical traits existed even in pre-modern times. Individuals like Alcadamus challenged these hierarchical notions, emphasizing human equality.
Implications of Race and Exploitation
The history of exploitation precedes the development of racist ideologies. Colonial endeavors were primarily motivated by economic interests and the desire for cheap labor. This economic exploitation laid the foundation for justifying the dehumanization of enslaved individuals. The history of slavery and exploitation reflects a systematic imposition of power dynamics rather than merely individual attitudes of superiority.
For much of human history, people viewed themselves as members of tribes or nations but had no notion of “race.” Today, science deems race biologically meaningless. Who invented race as we know it, and why? By John Biewen, with guest Chenjerai Kumanyika.
Photo: The Monument to the Discoveries, Lisbon, Portugal. The highlighted figure in the center is an effigy of Gomes Eanes de Zurara. The figure at the top right is Prince Henry the Navigator. Photo by Harvey Barrison.
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