Fentanyl addiction: the brain pathways behind the opioid crisis
May 22, 2024
auto_awesome
The podcast delves into the neuroscience of fentanyl addiction, revealing two brain circuits at play. It discusses innovative research using 'assembloid' for drug delivery to the brain and an edible gel for alcohol intoxication. Furthermore, it explores legal action by babies against the South Korean government and Europe's nuclear-powered heater for Mars missions.
Fentanyl addiction involves two brain circuits - positive feelings and intense withdrawal.
Understanding distinct brain pathways in opioid addiction can lead to less addictive pain relief drugs.
Deep dives
Understanding Opioid Addiction Mechanisms in the Brain
Opioids like Bentonil are highly addictive due to their effects on the brain. They create feelings of reward when taken and aversive states during withdrawal. Researchers have identified two distinct pathways in the brain responsible for these effects, shedding light on the neuronal mechanisms of addiction. This understanding could lead to the development of less addictive pain relief drugs.
New Insights into Opioid Withdrawal Mechanisms
A study in mice revealed that opioids' withdrawal effects are mediated by a specific brain region called the central amygdala. Researchers identified cells expressing the mu-opioid receptor in this region, showing that these cells play a crucial role in the aversive aspect of opioid withdrawal. By manipulating these cells, the study demonstrated a causal relationship between these neurons and the aversive state during withdrawal.
Implications for Addiction Treatment and Drug Development
The discovery of separate neural circuits for reward and withdrawal in opioid addiction opens new possibilities for designing targeted drugs. By focusing on distinct pathways in the brain, researchers aim to develop medications that alleviate pain without inducing addiction. This knowledge could also enhance substitution therapies for opioid use disorder, improving treatment outcomes.
Research in mice has shown that fentanyl addiction is the result of two brain circuits working in tandem, rather than a single neural pathway as had been previously thought. One circuit underlies the positive feelings this powerful drug elicits, which the other was responsible for the intense withdrawal when it is taken away. Opioid addiction leads to tens of thousands of deaths each year, and the team hopes that this work will help in the development of drugs that are less addictive.
How an ‘assembloid’ could transform how scientists study drug delivery to the brain, and an edible gel that prevents and treats alcohol intoxication in mice.