Squid-inspired pills squirt drugs straight into your gut
Nov 20, 2024
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Giovanni Traverso, a researcher at MIT, discusses a groundbreaking squid-inspired device that delivers drugs directly into the gut without needles, enhancing medication efficacy by bypassing the digestive breakdown. Brydon Labai dives into innovative light-activated catalysts designed to tackle the persistent issue of 'forever chemicals,' providing hopeful solutions for environmental cleanup. Both guests highlight transformative advancements in drug delivery and pollution remediation that could reshape healthcare and environmental practices.
Researchers have developed a squid-inspired device for needle-free drug delivery that enhances the bioavailability of therapeutics like insulin.
Innovative light-activated methods are being explored to efficiently break down persistent pollutants known as forever chemicals, addressing environmental concerns.
Deep dives
Innovative Squid-Inspired Drug Delivery System
Researchers have developed a novel drug delivery system modeled after squids that injects medication directly into the gastrointestinal tract. This approach addresses the limitations of traditional oral pills, which often degrade before reaching their target site, consequently reducing their effectiveness. By utilizing mechanics similar to the way squids expel ink, the device can apply precise pressure needed to deposit drugs in submucosal tissues, potentially allowing for enhanced bioavailability of therapeutics such as insulin. Animal trials showed the system's efficacy, with insulin delivery through this method achieving comparable results to conventional subcutaneous injections.
Mechanisms and Design of the Drug Delivery Device
The design of the squid-inspired device incorporates an understanding of the unique challenges posed by different segments of the gastrointestinal tract, such as the esophagus and intestines. Researchers utilized self-orienting technology that ensures the drug delivery jet is accurately positioned against the gastrointestinal tissue for optimal drug deposition. The devices can be consumed as capsules or attached to endoscopic tools and can be activated via time or environmental triggers, enhancing precision in drug delivery. These mechanisms illustrate a significant advancement towards non-invasive drug administration methods that align with patient preferences.
Environmental Persistence of 'Forever Chemicals'
The podcast examines two separate studies that explore innovative methods for breaking down persistent pollutants, known as forever chemicals, or PFAS. These substances, characterized by strong carbon-fluorine bonds, are notorious for their durability in the environment, making their disposal a major challenge. Breakthroughs highlighted include the use of light-activated catalysts that can efficiently decompose PFAS under mild conditions, utilizing light energy to facilitate bond disengagement. This new chemical strategy forms a promising avenue for addressing long-standing environmental concerns associated with these hazardous substances.
Insights into Moon Volcanism and Geological History
The podcast highlights findings from China's Chang'e 6 mission, which analyzed samples from the far side of the Moon, revealing significant geological activity. Unlike the near side, where volcanic activity had ceased over 3 billion years ago, the far side samples showed evidence of volcanic activity as recently as 2.8 billion years ago, raising questions about the Moon's volcanic history. The research indicates a possible long-term volcanic process powered by radioactive elements in the far side's geological makeup, despite being low on the creep elements typically found in more active volcanic regions. These insights prompt further investigation into the mechanisms driving lunar volcanism and enhance our understanding of the Moon's geological evolution.
00:45 A squid-inspired device for needle-free drug delivery
Inspired by squids’ ability to shoot ink, a team of researchers have developed swallowable devices that can deliver tiny jets of drugs directly into the gut lining, circumventing the need for needles. Previous studies have shown that most people prefer to take medication in pill form, rather than as an injection, but many drugs are degraded as they pass through the digestive system. The team’s new swallowable devices overcome this issue, and deliver drugs directly to where they need to be. So far, this approach has shown efficacy in animal models, but more work needs to be done to ensure their safety in humans.
12:52 A milder way to break down ‘forever chemicals’.
Two papers describe how light-activated catalysts could be used to break down toxic ‘forever chemicals’, hinting at a new way to clean up pollution caused by these persistent compounds. Forever chemicals contain multiple carbon-fluorine bonds that give them useful physical properties, but these bonds are some of the strongest in organic chemistry, making these compounds energetically difficult to break down. The new, light-based methods demonstrate low-energy ways to sever these bonds, a milestone that could make forever chemicals less permanent.