Ep. 24: Brigham Young, slavery, and the apostle that said NO
Jan 9, 2025
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W. Paul Reeve, a prominent scholar specializing in Mormon studies, joins the conversation to unravel the complex history of slavery in Utah Territory. He discusses Joseph Smith's changing views and Brigham Young's nuanced stance on the subject. Listeners will learn about the experiences of enslaved individuals in the Latter-day Saints community and the legislative decisions made in the 1850s. Additionally, Reeve highlights the moral dilemmas faced by church leaders and the broader implications of these historical perspectives on race and justice.
Joseph Smith's evolving views on slavery reflect the tension within the Latter-day Saint community regarding race during a turbulent era.
Brigham Young's administration faced the challenge of balancing the interests of slaveholders while addressing the national discourse on human bondage.
Deep dives
Joseph Smith and Slavery
Joseph Smith's views on slavery evolved over time, reflecting the changing cultural context of the United States. Initially, he permitted the baptism of free Black individuals and enslaved people but imposed restrictions on preaching to enslaved individuals without their masters' consent. By the time he campaigned for the presidency in 1844, his stance shifted towards advocating for gradual compensated emancipation, suggesting a plan to free enslaved individuals by selling Western lands. This change illustrates the tension within the Latter-day Saint community regarding racial issues and highlights Smith's attempts to navigate the complexities of slavery during a turbulent era.
Brigham Young's Views on Slavery
Brigham Young faced the challenge of addressing slavery in the Utah Territory, which he encountered upon the arrival of Mormon settlers. While he articulated a belief that humans should not be regarded as property, his administration nonetheless supported a framework that allowed slavery to persist. In 1852, a legislative act was passed that granted some rights to enslaved individuals, yet it did not free those already enslaved. This legislative action demonstrated Young's effort to balance the interests of slaveholders within his community while responding to the national discourse on slavery simultaneously.
The Existence of Slavery in Utah
The prevalence of slavery in Utah Territory was relatively low compared to southern states, with historical records indicating a peak of approximately 56 enslaved individuals at one time. The harsh environment of Utah was not suited for plantation-style agriculture, which limited the demand for slave labor. Despite the modest numbers, the arrival of Black enslaved individuals coincided with the settlement of Latter-day Saints, marking a complex intersection of their faith and racial practices. Documented movements of enslaved people further demonstrate that slavery, although not widespread, constituted a significant aspect of early Utah history.
Debates Over Native American Enslavement
Alongside the issue of Black enslavement, the enslavement of Native Americans was also a prominent concern in the Utah Territory. The indigenous Utes had engaged in human trafficking for generations before the arrival of Latter-day Saints, creating a precedent for the enslavement of Native individuals. During 1852 legislative sessions, the church leadership struggled with how to address the complexities surrounding Native American indentured servitude. While some laws provided a legal framework for managing this issue, the realities often contradicted the intentions, highlighting the difficult moral landscape faced by the Latter-day Saints at the time.
In this episode, David Snell chats with scholar and author W. Paul Reeve about how the early leaders of Utah Territory grappled with the question of slavery. Paul recently co-authored a book on this subject (along with co-authors Christopher B. Rich Jr., and LaJean Purcell Carruth) called "This Abominable Slavery: Race, Religion, and the Battle over Human Bondage in Antebellum Utah".
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Music by Zach Sundwall
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