Purpose in the Universe with Tim Mulgan – Episode 16
Jul 1, 2018
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Philosopher Tim Mulgan explores a third way between materialist atheism and the benevolent to God of the Abrahamic faiths. He discusses the concept of purpose in the universe, the disconnect between arguments for and against God's existence, the practical differences of believing in a cosmic purpose, confronting nihilism in atheism, future plans and obligations, and explores connections between Hinduism, Taoism, and Stoicism.
Ananthropocentric Purposivism (AP) argues that the universe has a purpose that is not centered around human beings, providing a middle ground between theism and atheism.
AP offers a potential solution to moral nihilism and adds value and meaning to human experiences, even if it may not have direct personal significance.
Deep dives
The concept of purpose in the universe and its implications
The podcast episode explores the concept of purpose in the universe and its implications for our understanding of ethics. The guest, Professor Tim Mulgan, discusses his book, which argues for a view called Ananthropocentric Proposivism (AP). AP suggests that the universe has a purpose that is not centered around human beings, and that this purpose can be understood without attributing it to a personal deity. Professor Mulgan explains that AP offers a middle ground between traditional theism and atheism, providing support for the idea of a providential cosmos. He explores the meaning of purpose in the universe and how it relates to human existence, highlighting the distinction between AP and traditional theistic views. The conversation also touches on topics such as the problem of evil, the role of virtues, and the interdependence of ethics and metaphysics.
The metaphysical foundations of AP
Professor Mulgan delves into the metaphysical foundations of AP and its implications for ethics. He discusses the idea that there is a cosmic purpose in the universe and that human beings are not the focal point of this purpose. The concept of an impersonal cosmic purpose is explored, where the reason for the universe's existence goes beyond human beings and their experiences. The conversation delves into the complexities of metaphysics and how different ethical theories can be reconciled with the idea of a cosmic purpose. Professor Mulgan emphasizes that AP provides an alternative interpretation of the cosmos, offering a different way to understand the universe and our place in it.
The relationship between AP and Stoicism
The podcast episode highlights the parallels between AP and Stoicism. The host and Professor Mulgan discuss how living in agreement with nature, a central concept in Stoicism, can align with the idea of the cosmic purpose proposed by AP. They explore the notion that following the cosmic purpose can lead to virtues and the good flow of life, as described in Stoic philosophy. They also touch on the role of ethics and metaphysics within Stoicism, highlighting the interdependence of these perspectives. The conversation emphasizes that while there are differences between AP and Stoicism, there are also similarities that warrant further exploration.
The implications and challenges of AP
In the podcast episode, Professor Mulgan addresses the practical implications and challenges of embracing AP. He acknowledges that AP might not change one's life dramatically, but it offers a potential solution to the threat of moral nihilism and provides additional layers of value and meaning to human experiences and actions. The discussion highlights the importance of exploring the cosmic purpose and seeking alignment with it, even if it may not have direct personal significance. The conversation also touches on the ongoing dialogue between atheists and benevolent theists, as AP opens up new possibilities for understanding and potentially bridging the gap between these perspectives.
From the back cover of professor Tim Mulgan's book:
Two familiar worldviews dominate Western philosophy: materialist atheism and the benevolent to God of the Abrahamic faiths. Tim Mulgan explores a third way. Ananthropocentric Purposivism claims that there is a cosmic purpose, but human beings are irrelevant to it. Purpose in the Universe develops a philosophical case for Ananthropocentric Purposivism that is at least as strong as the case for either theism or atheism.
Those who are interested in exploring professor Tim Mulgan's concept of Purpose in the Universe further may find the links below helpful. His book is published by Oxford University Press.
A paper titled Beyond Theism and Atheism: Axiarchism and Ananthropocentric Purposivism by Tim Mulgan:
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/phc3.12420
Book Review in University of Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews:
https://ndpr.nd.edu/news/purpose-in-the-universe-the-moral-and-metaphysical-case-for-ananthropocentric-purposivism/
A podcast episode produced by The Forum that includes Tim Mulgan and others discussing Purpose in the Universe:
http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/theforum/does-the-universe-have-a-purpose/
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