Episode 156: Glen L Thompson on The Jingjiao and the Earliest Christianity in China
Apr 3, 2024
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Glen L Thompson, a historian specializing in early Christianity in China, dives into the hidden history of the Jingjiao, the earliest Christian church in the region. He shares intriguing tales, such as how a Chinese Christian once led the Syriac Church. The discussion touches on the interplay of early Christianity with Taoism, the linguistic hurdles faced by missionaries, and the significance of the Syriac language. Listeners will discover a richly woven narrative that connects cultural identities with Christian tradition.
The early Syriac Christian Church, through the Jingjiao, created a unique synthesis of Christianity and local traditions in China by the 7th century.
Modern interests among scholars and Christians are reviving awareness of the historically significant yet overlooked presence of the Jingjiao in China's religious landscape.
Deep dives
The Expansion of Syriac Christianity
The podcast discusses the expansion of the Syriac Christian Church, which played a significant role in spreading Christianity into China by the 7th century. This branch of Christianity utilized the Syriac language, a dialect of Aramaic, to facilitate its outreach. The early missionaries established a presence reminiscent of the larger Christian movements in the West, but their narratives and histories remain lesser-known. The importance of the Silk Road as a conduit for trade and cultural exchange further aided the synthesis of Christian and local traditions across regions as they reached Central Asia and ultimately China.
The Concept of the Jing Zhao
The term 'Jing Zhao' refers to the earliest Christian church in China, which began its operations around 635 AD. This church flourished for approximately two centuries until the Tang Dynasty's edict against foreign religions in 845, which curtailed its influence and visibility. The podcast highlights the way this church was initially composed of Syriac-speaking Christians who brought their traditions and practices into the Chinese cultural context. This historical narrative emphasizes the unique interaction between the established church in the East and the growth of Christianity in China, which was at times overlooked in favor of narratives centered on Western Christianity.
Sources and Textual Evidence
Key sources for understanding the teachings and practices of the Jing Zhao include the Nestorian Stele, an important monument that outlines the church's history in China in both Chinese and Syriac. Alongside this stele, manuscripts discovered in Dunhuang provide insights into the liturgical practices and doctrinal beliefs present in the church. However, the texts often reflect a blend of Christian and local cultural elements, raising questions about how these documents should be interpreted. The podcast emphasizes the evolving scholarship that has sought to translate and contextualize these texts, revealing the shared cultural landscape where Christianity and local traditions intersected.
Challenges in Historical Continuity
The podcast also addresses the discontinuity of Christianity's presence in China from the early periods to modern times, illustrating how each wave of Christianity faced unique challenges. The first wave of Syriac Christians was followed by Mongol conversions, Jesuit missions, and ultimately a resurgence of indigenous Christianity in the 20th century. Modern Chinese Christians often overlook the history of the Jing Zhao due to the legacy of the term 'Nestorian' which has contributed to a perception of irrelevance. Nevertheless, growing interest among scholars and contemporary Christians in reconnecting with this part of their heritage signifies a potential revival of appreciation for this early form of Christianity in China.
Glen L Thompson's The Jingjiao: the Earliest Christian Church in China (Eerdmans Press, 2024) provides a thorough introduction to a very little known history of the centuries old story of Christians in China. Dr. Thompson comes on the podcast to provide some background on the book and some really fascinating stories, including how a Chinese Christian was once the head of the Syriac Church! As a historian of early Christianity, this is a history I knew nothing about and I am sure listeners will learn a lot from this great book.