Former NASA astronauts, flight directors, and engineers discuss the Apollo program, focusing on the tragic fire of Apollo 1 and the successful test mission of Apollo 7. They delve into the challenges faced, lack of leadership, and the emotional impact of the fire. The chapter also explores the vital role of the Apollo guidance computer in the moon landing.
The Apollo 1 fire highlighted the critical importance of the command and service module's life support systems, prompting NASA to reassess and make significant changes to ensure the safety of future missions.
Apollo 7's success in thoroughly testing the redesigned command and service module restored confidence in NASA's ability to reach the moon and played a crucial role in meeting President Kennedy's goal of landing astronauts on the moon by the end of the 1960s.
Deep dives
The Apollo 1 Fire: A National Tragedy
The podcast episode discusses the devastating Apollo 1 fire in January 1967, which killed astronauts Gus Grissom, Roger Chaffee, and Ed White. This disaster highlighted the critical importance of the command and service module's life support systems and raised concerns about the spacecraft's design and workmanship. NASA was forced to reassess and make significant changes to ensure the safety of future missions. The episode explores how the tragedy affected NASA's culture, prompting a renewed focus on safety and a determination to continue the lunar program.
Apollo 7: Getting Back on Track
Apollo 7, launched in October 1968, marked a crucial turning point for NASA. This mission, manned by astronauts Wally Shirra, Don Easley, and Walt Cunningham, aimed to thoroughly test the redesigned command and service module and demonstrate its readiness for lunar missions. Despite some interpersonal tensions between the crew and mission control, Apollo 7 was a resounding success, verifying the spacecraft's capabilities and reigniting confidence in NASA's ability to reach the moon.
The Importance of Apollo 7's Achievements
The accomplishments of Apollo 7, although often undervalued, were integral to the success of the lunar program. This mission played a crucial role in restoring NASA's reputation and meeting President Kennedy's goal of landing astronauts on the moon by the end of the 1960s. Apollo 7's achievements paved the way for future missions and provided essential data for the development of spacecraft systems, ensuring the safety and effectiveness of subsequent lunar missions.
The Apollo Guidance Computer: A Revolutionary Technology
The Apollo guidance computer, a groundbreaking technological innovation of its time, played a vital role in guiding the astronauts and their spacecraft to the moon's surface. This early computer system, designed and built during the digital age's infancy, was essential for navigating the complex maneuvers required for a lunar landing. While its reliability and significance were initially doubted, the Apollo guidance computer proved instrumental in the success of the Apollo missions, forever marking the first instance of software running on the moon.
"You heard ‘fire’. Then you heard a scream." The Apollo 1 tragedy and what happened 21 months later – Apollo’s first successful manned mission into Earth’s orbit. With Kevin Fong.
Starring:
George Abbey
Walt Cunningham
Glynn Lunney
Gerry Griffin
John Aaron
Jerry Bostick
Courtesy of the Johnson Space Center Oral History Project:
Chris Kraft
Gene Kranz
Wally Schirra
George Jeffs
Courtesy of CBS News:
Gus Grissom
Ed White
Roger Chaffee
Theme music by Hans Zimmer for Bleeding Fingers Music
#13MinutestotheMoon
www.bbcworldservice.com/13minutes
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