Effect of Antihypertensive Timing on Mortality and Morbidity: BedMed and BedMed-Frail Trials
Oct 22, 2024
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Recent trials have clarified that the timing of antihypertensive medication—whether morning or evening—has no significant impact on major cardiovascular events. Drs. DeMaria and Garrison discuss the unique challenges faced by general and frail populations in clinical trials. They emphasize the importance of medication adherence over timing and how individual patient preferences should shape dosing schedules. Additionally, the role of circadian rhythms in blood pressure management is explored, indicating that personalizing treatment may yield better outcomes.
The BedMed and BedMed-Frail trials concluded that the timing of antihypertensive medication intake has no significant impact on cardiovascular outcomes.
Emphasizing patient adherence to medication schedules over specific timing can enhance overall treatment effectiveness and ease patient burden.
Deep dives
Timing of Antihypertensive Medications
Recent studies have investigated the timing of antihypertensive medication intake, with a focus on whether taking these medications at bedtime offers any cardiovascular benefits compared to morning intake. Previously published research from a Spanish trial showed potential advantages with nighttime dosages, suggesting a significant reduction in major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). However, more recent data from multiple trials, including BedMed and BedMed Frail, demonstrated no significant difference in outcomes regardless of medication timing. Notably, the hazard ratios from these trials were very close to one another, indicating that both morning and bedtime intake do not alter cardiovascular event rates.
Patient Population and Trial Design
The studies included a diverse range of patient populations, encompassing both primary care and nursing home settings, which allowed for a comprehensive understanding of potential risks and benefits. The BedMed trial involved over 400 family doctors across five Canadian provinces, inviting hypertensive patients who met specific criteria, while also excluding those with glaucoma or sleep disturbances. Special attention was given to frail older adults, who are typically underrepresented in clinical trials, examining their unique risks related to nighttime medication intake. An array of safety outcomes, including hospitalizations, fractures, and cognitive assessments, were also meticulously evaluated to ensure patient well-being.
Implications for Clinical Practice
The outcome of these studies suggests a shift in clinical practice, as taking antihypertensives at a specific time of day may no longer be a primary concern for healthcare providers. Instead, the emphasis should be placed on patient convenience and adherence, suggesting that medications should be taken when patients find it easiest to remember. Although there may still be some individual considerations based on medication types and specific patient circumstances, the evidence indicates that there is no substantial benefit to enforcing a strict timing regimen. This new perspective can alleviate unnecessary pressures for both patients and healthcare providers regarding medication schedules.
The BedMed and BedMed-Frail trials assisted in providing clarity as to the daily timing of prescribed blood pressure medication. The two trials, one conducted in a general primary-care population and the other among nursing-home residents, determined no difference in major cardiovascular events or safety between blood pressure (BP) medication distribution in the evening or morning.
In this interview, Drs. Anthony DeMaria and Scott Garrison review the BedMed and BedMed-Frail trials findings which proved the emphasis to patients is taking BP medication when they are least likely to forget, irrelevant of time of day.
References:
Pigazzani F, Dyar KA, Morant SV, et al. Effect of timed dosing of usual antihypertensives according to patient chronotype on cardiovascular outcomes: the Chronotype sub-study cohort of the Treatment in Morning versus Evening (TIME) study. EClinicalMedicine 2024;72:102633.
Mackenzie IS, Rogers A, Poulter NR, et al. Cardiovascular outcomes in adults with hypertension with evening versus morning dosing of usual antihypertensives in the UK (TIME study): a prospective, randomised, open-label, blinded-endpoint clinical trial. Lancet 2022;400:1417-25.
Hermida RC, Crespo JJ, Dominguez-Sardina M, et al. Bedtime hypertension treatment improves cardiovascular risk reduction: the Hygia Chronotherapy Trial. Eur Heart J 2020;41:4565-76.
Hermida RC, Ayala DE, Fernandez JR, et al. Administration-time differences in effects of hypertension medications on ambulatory blood pressure regulation. Chronobiol Int 2013;30:280-314.