Human beliefs on war may be shifting from optimism to pessimism due to greed and human nature.
Cultural shifts in baboon behavior challenge the notion that aggression is deeply ingrained in nature.
Acceptance of personal transformations can challenge societal norms within close-knit communities like Silverton, Oregon.
Deep dives
Challenging Human Nature towards Peace
John Horgan, a science journalist, questions if humans will ever cease fighting wars due to greed. He highlights a historical shift in outlook on war from optimism to pessimism, observing that about nine out of ten people in recent times believe wars will persist due to human nature. This contrasts with past surveys showing more optimism. The podcast challenges the notion that aggression is deeply ingrained in human nature, exploring possibilities for change.
Baboon Culture Changes Despite Aggressiveness
Robert Sapolsky, a neuroscientist, studies baboons in East Africa, known for their aggressive behavior. An unexpected event at a garbage dump changed a troop's dynamics. Despite a tuberculosis outbreak decimating the troop, the surviving males displayed unprecedented behaviors like reciprocal grooming previously unseen. The males' responses challenged traditional aggressiveness, suggesting that cultural shifts can occur even in entrenched behaviors.
Individual Choice & Community Acceptance in Silverton
The story of Stu Rasmussen from Silverton, Oregon, explores his transformation from a male theater owner to openly transgender mayor. Despite initial community reactions and concerns, Silverton embraced Stu's transition, electing him as the nation's first openly transgender mayor in a conservative town. The podcast highlights how a close-knit community's deep familiarity with an individual can foster acceptance of personal transformations and challenge societal norms.
The Impact of Stu's Transgender Identity on his Role as Mayor
Stu faces challenges in his role as mayor due to his transgender identity. Some town members express discomfort with his appearance, feeling it may not be representative of the town. Despite objections, Stu's re-election success indicates that many recognize his positive qualities and dedication to the town. This situation highlights the struggle between perceptions of identity and the ability to effectively lead.
The Evolution of Domesticated Foxes and its Potential Parallels to Human Societal Changes
Dmitri Belyaev's fox domestication experiment demonstrates rapid behavioral and physical changes in foxes over ten years. The foxes selected for tameness displayed traits like floppy ears and curly tails, resembling juvenile characteristics. These changes suggest that domestication can influence physical features beyond behavior, potentially mirroring human transformations towards more cooperative traits over generations of societal evolution.
This episode —first released in 2009 and then again in 2015, with an update — asks, what is “normal”? Maybe it exists, maybe not. We examine peace-loving baboons with Stanford neuroscientist Robert Sapolsky, talk to Stu Rasmussen, whose preferred pronouns were he/him (https://zpr.io/nUdsZawNmhwt), and his neighbors in Silverton, Oregon about how a town chooses its community over outsider opinions. And lastly, we speak with an evolutionary anthropologist, Duke University’s own Brian Hare, and an evolutionary biologist Tecumseh Fitch, then at the University of St. Andrews, Scotland, now at the University of Vienna, Austria, about foxes who love to snuggle.And what we find is that normal — maybe the only normal — is change.
EPISODE CREDITS Reported by - Aaron CohenProduced by - Soren Wheelerwith help from - Annie McEwenCITATIONSArticles -Stu Rasmussen’s NYT Obituary (https://zpr.io/nUdsZawNmhwt).
Our newsletter comes out every Wednesday. It includes short essays, recommendations, and details about other ways to interact with the show. Sign up (https://radiolab.org/newsletter)!
Radiolab is supported by listeners like you. Support Radiolab by becoming a member of The Lab (https://members.radiolab.org/) today.Follow our show on Instagram, Twitter and Facebook @radiolab, and share your thoughts with us by emailing radiolab@wnyc.org
Leadership support for Radiolab’s science programming is provided by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, Science Sandbox, a Simons Foundation Initiative, and the John Templeton Foundation. Foundational support for Radiolab was provided by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation.
Get the Snipd podcast app
Unlock the knowledge in podcasts with the podcast player of the future.
AI-powered podcast player
Listen to all your favourite podcasts with AI-powered features
Discover highlights
Listen to the best highlights from the podcasts you love and dive into the full episode
Save any moment
Hear something you like? Tap your headphones to save it with AI-generated key takeaways
Share & Export
Send highlights to Twitter, WhatsApp or export them to Notion, Readwise & more
AI-powered podcast player
Listen to all your favourite podcasts with AI-powered features
Discover highlights
Listen to the best highlights from the podcasts you love and dive into the full episode