New Books in Economics

Nat Dyer, "Ricardo’s Dream: How Economists Forgot the Real World and Led Us Astray" (Bristol UP, 2024)

Apr 28, 2025
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INSIGHT

Ricardo's Theory vs. Real Trade

  • Ricardo's theory of comparative advantage claims trade is win-win even if one country is less efficient in all products.
  • The real historical trade between England and Portugal showed exploitation involving colonial gold and slavery, contradicting the model's simplicity.
ANECDOTE

Portugal's Trade Deficit Story

  • Portugal had a persistent trade deficit with England despite Ricardo's theory.
  • This deficit was offset by gold from Brazil, mined by enslaved Africans, revealing hidden exploitation behind trade.
INSIGHT

Naive Globalization Beliefs

  • The 1990s and 2000s belief in globalization as universally beneficial was naive.
  • Free trade was often justified by Ricardo's legacy, sidelining the 'losers' and deeper social issues.
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