Sean McMeekin, "To Overthrow the World: The Rise and Fall and Rise of Communism" (Basic Books, 2024)
Oct 4, 2024
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Sean McMeekin, an insightful author on the evolution of Communism, discusses its surprising resurgence in modern politics. He explores the journey from Marx's enticing classless society to the harsh realities of tyrannical regimes. McMeekin delves into key events, such as the collapse of war communism and the implications of Stalin's Great Terror. He highlights how, despite its historical failures, Communism continues to intrigue and inspire worldwide, often emerging through force and turmoil.
Despite the collapse of the USSR, communism remains a potent influence in global politics, evolving yet enduring through coercive regimes.
The philosophical underpinnings of Marxism, rooted in French socialism and Hegelian idealism, provide insight into the ongoing appeal of class struggle.
Lenin's revolutionary strategies during World War I demonstrate how opportunism in times of crisis can reshape political landscapes and encourage insurrections.
Deep dives
The Relevance of Communism Today
The discussion highlights the surprising relevance of communism in contemporary global affairs, countering the earlier belief that it was a failed ideology post-Cold War. The speaker emphasizes how communism's influence is not fully extinguished, drawing attention to its presence in nations like China, North Korea, and Cuba. It argues that while the perception of communism has shifted, its core characteristics, such as coercion and control, continue to shape political landscapes. This suggests that communism's historical trajectory has not come to an end but has evolved into new forms that demand vigilance.
Marxist Foundations and Philosophy
The conversation delves into the philosophical foundations of Marxism, identifying its roots in French socialism and Hegelian idealism. It discusses how Marx synthesized various intellectual strands, including early Christian critiques of capitalism, to forge a compelling narrative about class struggle. Marx's critique of capitalism is shown as focusing on the alienation of labor, asserting that capitalism dehumanizes individuals. This philosophical framework, built on historical progress through conflict, set the stage for later radical movements.
Internationalism and Its Impacts
Marx's establishment of the First International in 1864 is portrayed as a pivotal move to consolidate worker movements across national borders. This initiative aimed to unify disparate labor organizations under a common cause, pushing for international proletarian solidarity. The discussion emphasizes that Marx saw the global struggle against capitalism as essential, encouraging workers to prioritize their class identity over national allegiance. This underlines the significant shift towards internationalism that has shaped communist ideologies and movements throughout history.
The Bolshevik Revolution and Aftermath
The podcast examines Lenin's strategies during the Bolshevik Revolution, emphasizing his unique approach to the First World War as an opportunity for revolutionary action. Lenin viewed the war not only as a backdrop for revolution but also as a means to capitalize on discontent within the military and broader society. His perspective on 'revolutionary defeatism' proposed that a losing side in war could give rise to revolutionary conditions. This strategic thinking played a crucial role in the Bolsheviks' eventual victory during the Russian Civil War and the establishment of Soviet power.
Lessons from Totalitarianism
The discussion reflects on the implications of totalitarian regimes, particularly during the Great Terror under Stalin, where internal purges targeted not only class enemies but also party loyalists. The speaker notes that these purges reveal the inherent paranoia and need for a regime to locate constant threats, resulting in widespread repression. It examines how totalitarian governments often erode civil liberties and entrench control through fear, echoing patterns seen in various authoritarian systems today. This draws attention to the importance of understanding historical precedents to guard against the revival of similar oppressive measures in modern societies.
When the USSR collapsed in 1991, the world was certain that Communism was dead. Today, three decades later, it is clear that it was not. While Russia may no longer be Communist, Communism and sympathy for Communist ideas have proliferated across the globe.
In To Overthrow the World: The Rise and Fall and Rise of Communism(Basic Books, 2024), Sean McMeekin investigates the evolution of Communism from a seductive ideal of a classless society into the ruling doctrine of tyrannical regimes. Tracing Communism's ascent from theory to practice, McMeekin ranges from Karl Marx's writings to the rise and fall of the USSR under Stalin to Mao's rise to power in China to the acceleration of Communist or Communist-inspired policies around the world in the twenty-first century. McMeekin argues, however, that despite the endurance of Communism, it remains deeply unpopular as a political form. Where it has arisen, it has always arisen by force.
Blending historical narrative with cutting-edge scholarship, To Overthrow the World revolutionizes our understanding of the evolution of Communism--an idea that seemingly cannot die.