Dr. Brandy Schillace discusses the taboo topic of head transplants, exploring the history, challenges, and ethical considerations involved. Topics include the difficulties of spinal cord reattachment, the evolution of organ transplants, defining death, controversial experiments on monkeys, and the complexities of transferring consciousness.
Dr. Robert White demonstrated the viability of brain transplants by successfully inserting a monkey's brain into another's neck.
Current research focuses on bypassing spinal cord damage and establishing direct brain-motor communication to overcome paralysis.
Deep dives
The Beginning of Experiments with Brain Life and Brain Death
Dr. Robert White experimented with isolating brains from monkeys in the 1970s to prove that brain tissue wouldn't be rejected by the body. By hypercooling the brain to decrease oxygen needs and using a donor animal's blood flow, he kept a brain alive outside the body. White successfully transplanted a monkey's brain into another's neck, showing that brains could survive independently.
The Motivation Behind Head Transplants
Dr. White aimed to demonstrate that brains equaled the essence of a person and could outlive their bodies, essentially performing a 'soul transplant.' He hoped to extend the lives of individuals who faced bodily limitations or organ failure but still retained functioning brains. White's Catholic beliefs and compassion for trauma victims led him to explore head transplants as a means to preserve consciousness beyond bodily death.
Challenges in Connecting Spinal Cords and Current Research
Current research focuses on bypassing spinal cord damage rather than repairing it directly due to its complexity. Advancements in technology like polyethylene glycol show potential for nerve fusion but have limitations in cases of complete severing. Additionally, studies aim to establish direct communication between the brain and motor functions to overcome paralysis, highlighting the intricate nature of neural pathways.
Philosophical and Practical Implications of Head Transplants
Questions arise regarding the composite nature of human beings beyond just the brain, encompassing hormonal, genetic, and societal factors that shape identity. While head transplants may retain aspects of consciousness, the complex interplay of biological elements suggests that simply transferring the brain may not fully replicate individual experiences or identities. The exploration of gritty and intricate inquiries underscores the value of science.
Why don't we have head transplants? Why would someone need one? And how much of you is in your head — and how much is everywhere else? Featuring Dr. Brandy Schillace, author of the book “Mr. Humble and Dr. Butcher: A Monkey's Head, the Pope's Neuroscientist, and the Quest to Transplant the Soul.” Pick it up here: https://amzn.to/2TniY91