Parking minimum laws in Los Angeles have hindered the construction of affordable housing and resulted in the dominance of commercial strip malls.
Parking minimums have limited the conversion of old buildings and hindered the revitalization of neighborhoods in Los Angeles.
Deep dives
The Impact of Parking on American Cities
Parking regulations have had far-reaching consequences in shaping American cities, particularly in Los Angeles. The city's obsession with cars and parking has led to an abundance of parking spaces – up to eight per car – yet parking remains a constant source of conflict and fights. The focus on parking minimums for new residential buildings has hindered the construction of new affordable housing and limited the renovation of old buildings, resulting in commercial strip malls dominating the urban landscape. The parking-centric design has also influenced the architecture of new residential buildings, with multi-story parking garages shaping the units above.
The History of Parking in Los Angeles
The parking problem in Los Angeles can be traced back to the 1920s when the city experienced a surge in population and car ownership. As the city embraced car culture, parking became a pressing issue, leading to the introduction of parking minimum laws. These laws, requiring a specific number of parking spaces per residential unit, have become ubiquitous across the United States and have had significant implications for urban planning. The obsession with parking also hampered the development of public transportation, as street space was prioritized for parking rather than other modes of transit.
The Negative Consequences of Parking Minimums
Parking minimums have had detrimental effects on urban development and housing affordability in Los Angeles. The requirements for a certain number of parking spaces per housing unit have made it challenging and expensive to build new housing, especially on smaller lots. This has led to the abandonment of architectural styles like bungalow courts and the rise of parking-centric housing designs like dingbats. Additionally, parking minimums have limited the conversion of old buildings into new spaces, hindering the revitalization of neighborhoods and contributing to the city's housing crisis.
Efforts to Address the Parking Culture
In recent years, there have been efforts to challenge the parking culture in Los Angeles. The city has passed laws to waive parking minimums for specific types of development, such as the adaptive reuse ordinance for converting old office buildings into housing. More recently, the city council has changed zoning plans to eliminate parking minimums for all new residential developments. While there has been some pushback, these changes signal a shift toward a more flexible approach to parking and a recognition that housing for people is more important than parking for cars.
LA might be the most extreme parking city on the planet. Parking regulations have made it nearly impossible to build new affordable housing, or to renovate old buildings. And parking has a massive impact on how the city looks. LA is chock full of commercial strip malls, where buildings sit alone and isolated in a sea of asphalt. And all of this is the result of one policy decision that has reshaped American cities for the last eighty years.
Henry Grabar's Paved Paradise: How Parking Explains the World, tells a mesmerizing story about the strange and wonderful super-organism that is the modern American city. In a beguiling and often absurdly hilarious mix of history, politics, and reportage, Grabar brilliantly surveys the pain points of the nation’s parking crisis, from Los Angeles to Disney World to New York, stopping at every major American city in between.