Stephen Phillips, "The Metaphysics of Meditation: Sri Aurobindo and Adi-Sakara on the Isa Upanisad" (Bloombury, 2024)
Mar 20, 2024
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Stephen Phillips discusses the metaphysics of meditation in Vedanta, exploring the Isa Upanishad. Topics include mystical practices, the nature of reality, limitations of language, and the problem of evil. The podcast touches on translations of Shankara's theodicy, the disciplines of meditation, and action in the Bhagavad Gita commentary.
Stephen Phillips explores the unity between Aurobindo and Shankara in their analysis of the Isa Upanisad.
The Metaphysics of Meditation delves into the epistemology of meditative practices and the limitations of human language.
Deep dives
Main Ideas and Concepts of the Isha Upanishad
The Isha Upanishad is a central text in Vedanta philosophy, focusing on metaphysical reflection and meditation. Ancient commentators like Shankaracharya and modern figures like Sri Aurobindo deeply engage with the Upanishad's 18 verses that emphasize a mystical experience and the unknowability of Brahman in Advaita Vedanta. The Upanishad, along with other early texts, significantly influence Vedantic metaphysical reasoning and yogic meditative practices, highlighting the importance of this short yet profound text.
Interpretations of Brahman in Vedanta Philosophy
Vedanta philosophy, especially Advaita Vedanta, delves into the nature of Brahman, the absolute reality, presenting a theistic monism that differs from Western concepts of God. Scholars like Shankara and Aurobindo navigate the challenge of understanding Brahman's relationship to the world and the individual, addressing metaphysical issues of causation, existence, and the ethical implications of relative reality. The translations of foundational texts by various scholars reveal diverse perspectives on the nature and interpretation of Brahman in Indian philosophy.
Yogic Experience and Epistemic Value in Vedanta Philosophy
The role of yogic experience in Vedanta philosophy, as elucidated by thinkers like Shankara and Aurobindo, emphasizes the attainment of higher consciousness through meditative practices. These mystical experiences, characterized by inner subjectivity and intersubjectivity within a tradition, offer insights into the nature of reality and the self. The epistemic value of such experiences is debated, with implications for understanding universal truths and translating philosophical insights across cultural boundaries.
Translation Practices and Philosophical Engagement
Translation practices in analyzing classical Indian texts involve philosophical engagement with the semantic nuances and argumentative contexts of Sanskrit literature. Translating philosophical texts is not just a linguistic task but a philosophical endeavor that requires understanding of the philosophical arguments, cultural contexts, and biases inherent in the original works. By translating texts faithfully and philosophically, scholars like George Tebow and translators engage in uncovering the deeper philosophical implications embedded in the texts, challenging existing interpretations and promoting a nuanced approach to Indian philosophical traditions.
In The Metaphysics of Meditation: Sri Aurobindo and Ādi Śaṅkara on the Īśā Upaniṣad(Bloomsbury 2024), Stephen Phillips argues that the two titular Vedānta philosophers are not as opposed as commonly thought. His book is structured as a series of essays on Aurobindo and Śaṅkara’s analysis of the early, important, and brief Īśā Upaniṣad, also including a new English translation of the text along with a translation of Śaṅkara’s commentary thereupon. Philosophically, the book investigates questions about what is metaphysically fundamental, the epistemology of mystical, meditative practices such as yoga, the limitations of human language in expressing the ineffable—and the role of poetry in these efforts, and the problem of evil facing even panentheistic monists such as Advaita Vedāntins. In many ways an introduction to Advaita Vedānta, The Metaphysics of Meditation also includes new translations of Śaṅkara’s theodicy from his Brahmasūtra commentary and his discussion of the disciplines (yogas) of meditation and action in his Bhagavad Gītā commentary.