Christian Coseru, a professor of philosophy, discusses perceiving reality in Buddhist philosophy, debates on consciousness, the role of mediation, and the relationship between panpsychism and Buddhism. The podcast explores the reliability of perception, the intersection of Buddhist and contemporary philosophical approaches, and the active nature of perception. It also touches on personalizing Buddhist principles, alternative practices in coaching, and the complexity of perception in the Buddhist perspective.
Perception is an active and complex process that allows us to interact with the world and navigate our environment.
Consciousness is a fundamental aspect of human experience and can be experiential without necessarily involving self-consciousness.
The study of consciousness is an ongoing, open field without a widely agreed-upon theoretical framework, with debates on its nature and whether it entails self-consciousness.
Deep dives
The Nature of Perception and its Role in Understanding Reality
Perception is an active and complex process that goes beyond passive information gathering. It involves skill and expertise, allowing us to navigate and interact with our environment. The phenomenological tradition emphasizes that perception puts us in direct contact with the things themselves, rather than relying on representations or mental images. Skilled perceivers, like botanists, can perceive richer details and nuances that are not visible to the untrained eye. In the Buddhist tradition, perception is seen as a process of making vivid the canonical principles and truths. Perception is not just about acquiring knowledge, but it also shapes our understanding and navigation of the world.
Exploring the Nature of Consciousness
Consciousness is a complex and fundamental aspect of human experience. Thomas Nagel's idea that consciousness involves there being something it is like to be a particular organism captures its experiential nature. Consciousness is the background upon which everything else is built. The question arises whether consciousness grounds a sense of self or subject. Some argue that consciousness is fundamentally experiential and does not necessarily entail self-consciousness, while others believe that consciousness is reflexive and self-reflexive. In the Buddhist tradition, consciousness is considered a real element of our metaphysics, but it does not imply a fixed or substantial self. It is a witnessing subject that simultaneously presents a world and our awareness of that world.
The Open Field of Consciousness Studies
The study of consciousness is an ongoing, open field without a widely agreed-upon theoretical framework. Various theories exist, and the debate continues. Some argue that consciousness is a delusion or an illusion, while others maintain that it is a core aspect of human experience. The Buddhist tradition offers a unique perspective, reconciling the rejection of a fixed self with the recognition of consciousness as a real element. The debate explores whether self-consciousness is an intrinsic aspect of consciousness or a construct, and whether consciousness can exist without a sense of self. Overall, the discussion surrounding consciousness is complex and multifaceted, inviting further exploration and inquiry.
The Importance of Direct Perception
The podcast episode explores the significance of direct perception and challenges the idea that perception is merely a construct of the mind. The example of seeing the Eiffel Tower in person is used to illustrate the unique richness and content that can only be experienced through direct encounter. The Buddhist tradition emphasizes the distinction between a perception that is contaminated with thoughts and beliefs and the unconstructed encounter with reality. While there is debate within Buddhism about the nature of perception, the episode highlights the value of perceiving phenomena without conceptual clutter.
Panpsychism and Buddhist Philosophy
The episode delves into the concept of panpsychism, which suggests that consciousness is a fundamental property of reality. While there are different interpretations of panpsychism, some within the Buddhist tradition have parallels to this perspective. The existence of a background storehouse consciousness in Buddhism and the idea of a universal field of consciousness reflect aspects of panpsychism. However, the episode acknowledges that Buddhism does not provide a definitive answer to the problem of how consciousness manifests in different forms. The conversation also touches on the need to explore ideas without rigid dogmatic adherence in order to engage in open-ended exploration and inquiry.
What does it mean to perceive and just how capable are we of perceiving reality? This is a core question in the work of Christian Coseru, who is today’s guest. He is the Lightsey Humanities chair and Professor of Philosophy at the College of Charleston. Christian works in the fields of philosophy of mind, phenomenology, and cross-cultural philosophy, especially Indian and Buddhist philosophy in dialogue with Western philosophy and cognitive science.
Christian spent four and a half years in India in the mid 1990s pursuing studies in Sanskrit and Indian Philosophy. While in India, he was affiliated with several research institutes, including the Maha Body Society, the Asiatic Society of Calcutta and the Central Institute of Higher Tibetan Studies.
We discuss;
Perceiving Reality and where current ongoing debates are on this immense topic.
How confident we can be that phenomenological experience of reality is real and accurate.
Where current theories are on the question of consciousness.
The social role of cognition and the topic of mediation.
What he makes of panpsychism andits return and relationship with physicalism.
How such theories are represented in Buddhism.
Working definitions of human flourishing and whether they are at all indebted to Buddhism.