Emily Hamilton, Director of the Urbanity Project at the Mercatus Center, dives into the pressing housing crisis in America. She argues for reduced government intervention in zoning and building codes, citing how these regulations inflate construction costs. Hamilton contrasts housing dynamics in Texas and California, discussing the challenge of increasing density amid local opposition. She emphasizes the importance of transparent land use regulations and advocates for legislative strategies that address high housing costs while balancing health, safety, and neighborhood character.
Reducing government intervention in zoning and building codes is essential to alleviate construction costs and increase housing affordability.
State-level reforms, such as allowing accessory dwelling units and legalizing multifamily structures, can enhance housing availability amid local regulatory constraints.
Deep dives
Housing Affordability Crisis
The United States is experiencing a significant housing affordability crisis, with renters facing increasing financial strain since the 1960s. Many renters now spend a larger percentage of their income on housing, largely due to insufficient new housing development that fails to meet the needs of a growing and changing population. Local and state regulations are barriers to construction, hindering the ability to build diverse types of housing, particularly smaller apartment units in high-cost urban areas. This has resulted in individuals facing tough choices such as living in less desirable locations or sacrificing other budget areas to afford housing.
Local Government Challenges
Local governments often resist increasing housing density due to fears about taxation, traffic, and the potential impact on community character, leading to a reluctance to approve new developments. While some regions, like Texas, have more favorable conditions for housing construction due to property tax dependencies, many municipalities remain influenced by vocal constituents opposed to change. The disconnect arises when local decision-makers, reacting primarily to local sentiments, overlook broader economic needs and benefits of increased housing. However, state policymakers are beginning to intervene, enacting legislation that limits local regulatory power in a bid to enhance housing availability.
Reforming Land Use Policy
Several states are exploring land use regulation reforms to increase housing supply, such as allowing accessory dwelling units (ADUs) on single-family properties. While these measures can alleviate some housing pressure, they may not produce a significant number of new units due to financing challenges and the willingness of homeowners to become landlords. More impactful solutions could include legalizing multifamily structures in commercial zones, which has shown promise in regions like Washington, D.C. Ultimately, thoughtful building code reforms and clear regulations are vital for reducing development costs and fostering a more effective housing supply system.
The housing market needs less government intervention, both in terms of zoning and building codes that add enormously to construction costs. Emily Hamilton of the Mercatus Center comments.