Discover the behind-the-scenes process of measuring the economy through inflation and jobs numbers. Learn about the meticulous calculation of the consumer price index and the impact of accurate data on government policies. Explore Argentina's currency crisis and the importance of attention to detail. Dive into the process of compiling the monthly jobs report and the role it plays in the economy and the Federal Reserve. Gain insights into the significance of building strong relationships while collecting data.
The calculation of inflation rates involves meticulous data collection, including tracking prices of various goods and services, which has become more challenging during the COVID-19 pandemic.
The monthly jobs report, which influences major decisions like Federal Reserve policies, is compiled through surveys and interviews with employers, highlighting the importance of accurate data and building strong relationships with respondents.
Deep dives
Measuring Inflation: The Consumer Price Index
Inflation is a crucial indicator for any economy. It is measured using the consumer price index (CPI), which tracks the prices of various goods and services. The process of calculating the CPI is meticulous and involves gathering data from thousands of households. Workers like Emily Mercedes, an economist with the United States Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics, meticulously track the prices of items like butter and socks to determine inflation rates. However, accurate data collection has become more challenging, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Jobs Growth: The Establishment Survey
Another important economic indicator is job growth, which is captured through surveys of households and businesses. The establishment survey, conducted by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, interviews around 130,000 employers each month. Erica Hanyan, an agent for the Bureau, is one of the individuals tasked with collecting data through phone calls. She builds relationships with the respondents and explains the importance of the jobs report. The data collected influences major decisions, including Federal Reserve policies and market trends.
Challenges in Data Collection and Trust
Collecting accurate economic data presents its own set of challenges. Erica and her team face difficulties in reaching respondents who may be reluctant to provide data due to political and economic concerns. The pandemic has further complicated the data collection process. Building trust and maintaining strong relationships with respondents is vital. Erica's personal touch, such as remembering birthdays and helping with travel recommendations, helps foster open communication and improve response rates.
When someone says "the economy is doing well"—what does that even mean? Like, for workers, for employers, for the country as a whole? According to what calculation? How do you put a number on it?
The world of economics is filled with all sorts of "measuring sticks." GDP. Inflation. Unemployment. Consumer sentiment. Over time, all kinds of government agencies, universities and private companies have come up with different ways to measure facets of the economy. These measures factor into all kinds of huge decisions—things like government policy, business strategies, maybe even your personal career choices or investments.
On today's show, we're going to lift the curtain on two of these yardsticks. We are going to meet the people tasked with sticking a number on two huge measures of our economic well being: the official U.S. government inflation report and the monthly unemployment and jobs numbers. Come along and see how the measures get made.
This episode was hosted by Darian Woods, Stacey Vanek Smith, and Wailin Wong. It was produced by Julia Ritchey and Jess Kung with help from James Sneed. Engineering by Gilly Moon and James Willetts. It was fact-checked by Michael He and Corey Bridges, and edited by Kate Concannon and Viet Le. Alex Goldmark is Planet Money's executive producer.