Why does cancer spread to the spine? Newly discovered stem cells might be the key
Sep 20, 2023
auto_awesome
Researchers have discovered new stem cells in the spine that may be involved in the selective spread of cancer to this site. The podcast also explores the preference of certain percussion instruments among palm cockatoos and the math behind waiting in crowded places. Additionally, the effectiveness of MDMA in treating PTSD is discussed, as well as the upgraded X-ray laser that will allow researchers to capture ultra-crisp 'molecular movies' of chemical reactions.
Spinal stem cells play a crucial role in the preferential metastasis of breast cancer cells to the spine, providing insights for potential new therapies.
Different bones have different types of stem cells, including the spine, and these spinal stem cells produce a protein called MFGE8, which contributes to the migration of tumor cells to the spine.
Deep dives
Metastasis to the Spine: A Serious Issue in Cancer
Metastasis, the spread of cancer cells to other parts of the body, particularly to the spine, is a significant concern in late-stage cancer. Certain types of cancer, such as breast, prostate, and lung, have a higher tendency to metastasize to the spine compared to other bones. The spinal cord is at risk when tumors grow and cause expansion of the vertebrae, leading to complications like paralysis and fractures. Researchers have recently discovered a new type of stem cell in the spine that plays a role in vertebrae formation. In a study using mice, the team found that breast cancer cells preferentially migrated to the spine, driven by the biology of these spinal stem cells. This finding provides insights into why certain cancers have a higher affinity for spreading to the spine and opens possibilities for new therapies.
The Role of Stem Cells in Spinal Bone Development and Metastasis
Stem cells, specialized cells that self-renew and differentiate into various cell types, play a critical role in bone formation and maintenance. However, researchers have discovered that different bones have different types of stem cells, including the spine. By studying mice, scientists identified a unique group of stem cells specific to vertebrae that are essential for spinal bone development. Through experiments injecting breast cancer cells into mice, the researchers demonstrated that breast cancer cells showed a higher preference for metastasizing to bone structures derived from spine stem cells compared to long bone stem cells. Further investigation revealed that these spinal stem cells produce a protein called MFGE8, which contributes to the migration of tumor cells to the spine. The findings highlight the role of stem cells in both normal bone development and cancer cell behavior.
Potential Clinical Relevance and Implications for Future Research
The discovery of spinal stem cells and their involvement in metastasis has significant clinical implications. Researchers found that human versions of these stem cells exist and also produce MFGE8, suggesting a potential clinical relevance for human patients. The identification of these spinal stem cells opens doors for future studies on the mechanisms underlying metastasis preferentially to the spine. While MFGE8 is a key player in this process, there may be other factors involved, such as other growth factors and the microenvironment formed by the skeletal stem cells. Further research is needed to fully understand the complex interplay of these factors and to explore potential therapies that target metastasis to the spine. Additionally, these findings could contribute to improving outcomes in spine orthopedics and back surgery procedures through a better understanding of the role of stem cells in bone fusion and bone-related complications.
00:45 A new insight into cancers' selective spread
Cancer cells can spread to bones in the late stages of disease and in many cancers, cells actually preferentially metastasise to the spine. The reason for this has been a puzzle to researchers for years, but now a team has found a new kind of stem cell that may be involved in this process. The stem cell is found in mice and humans and could represent a clinical target in the treatment of cancer.
This time, a second trial shows the effectiveness of using MDMA to help treat post-traumatic stress disorder, and how an upgrade to an X-ray laser will let researchers make ultra-crisp ‘molecular movies’.