Paul Peart-Smith, "Roxanne Dunbar-Ortiz's Indigenous Peoples' History of the United States: A Graphic Interpretation" (Beacon Press, 2024)
Sep 15, 2024
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Roxanne Dunbar-Ortiz, a renowned author on Indigenous history, teams up with Paul Peart-Smith, a talented graphic historian, to explore a stunning graphic adaptation of Indigenous Peoples' History of the United States. They discuss the importance of re-evaluating traditional historical narratives and the power of graphic storytelling in making these histories accessible. The conversation includes insights on the controversy surrounding book bans, the impact of visual media on younger audiences, and their commitment to social justice in publishing.
Dr. Roxanne Dunbar-Ortiz highlights the importance of providing Indigenous perspectives on U.S. history to challenge conventional narratives.
The graphic adaptation of Dunbar-Ortiz's work aims to democratize history by engaging audiences typically disinterested in academic literature.
Both authors emphasize the need for accessible narratives to illuminate marginalized histories, ensuring a broader understanding of America's complex past.
Deep dives
Inspiration for the Indigenous Perspective
The discussion reveals that the impetus for writing an Indigenous People's History of the United States stemmed from Dr. Roxanne Dunbar Ortiz's interaction with influential historians like Howard Zinn. Initially hesitant about the project, she was encouraged to provide a Native American perspective on U.S. history, aiming to challenge conventional narratives that often omit the experiences of Indigenous peoples. The need for accessible histories that include marginalized voices became a driving force for her writing, as she recognized the importance of presenting history in a way that resonates with a broad audience, including students and immigrants. Dunbar Ortiz emphasizes that people's histories serve as vital interventions in understanding America's past, highlighting the legacy of colonialism and genocide against Indigenous populations.
The Impact of Format on Accessibility
The adaptation of Dunbar Ortiz's work into graphic form introduces a new layer of accessibility for audiences who may not engage with traditional historical texts. Paul Peart-Smith, the illustrator, intends for the graphic history to reach a demographic that is typically less inclined to read academic literature, particularly young men. By presenting serious topics through a visual medium, the graphic adaptation aims to democratize historical narratives and attract younger readers who may benefit from a format that is more engaging. This approach not only broadens the potential audience but also recontextualizes the historical themes in a way that resonates with contemporary societal issues.
Choosing Themes and Core Messages
In crafting the graphic adaptation, intentionality played a significant role in selecting key themes and events that best represented Indigenous experiences throughout U.S. history. Dunbar Ortiz’s original text was rich with content, but the adaptation process required distilling this wealth of information into a cohesive narrative that remained engaging and impactful. Peart-Smith focused on avoiding sensationalism while addressing subjects such as violence and loss without desensitizing the reader or trivializing the historical context. The balance between honesty in representation and sensitivity to the subject matter underscores the collaborative effort to create a powerful and thought-provoking graphic history.
Unexpected Success and Cultural Reception
The original book's success surprised Dunbar Ortiz, who did not anticipate the level of demand it would garner or the breadth of academic and public interest it would ignite. Despite its popularity, it received little formal recognition within academic circles, indicating a tension between conventional academic validation and broader societal resonance. Furthermore, the text became a target of cultural backlash, leading to its banning in certain states, which paradoxically heightened its visibility and sales. The public discourse surrounding the book reflects ongoing debates about race, history, and representation in educational contexts, emphasizing the relevance of these conversations in contemporary society.
Vision for Future Works
Both authors express their aspirations for future projects that continue to engage with historical themes and address current societal issues. Dunbar Ortiz is working on essays addressing white nationalism in the U.S., focusing on understanding its roots in working-class experiences. Peart-Smith is developing a biography of Malcolm X, hoping to explore pivotal figures and movements through graphic storytelling. Their commitment to producing accessible narratives that shine a light on marginalized histories and voices reflects their desire to contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of America's complex past.
As the author of a graphic history, I loved chatting with Roxanne Dunbar-Ortiz and Paul Peart-Smith about the graphic interpretation of An Indigenous People’s History of the United States (Beacon Press, 2024). An Indigenous Peoples' History of The United States originally came out in 2014 with Beacon Press. In 2019 it was adapted into a Young Peoples version by Jean Mendoza and Debbie Reese. In 2021 it was one of the three foundational texts for the amazing HBO docuseries Exterminate All the Brutes, written and directed by Raoul Peck. The other featured books were two of my all-time favorites Sven Lindqvist’ Exterminate All the Brutes: One Man’s Odyssey into the Heart of Darkness and the Origins of European Genocide and Michel-Rolph Trouillot’s Silencing the Past: Power and the Production of History. Paul Peart-Smith has adapted what many regard as the first history of the United States told from the perspective of Indigenous peoples into a stunningly powerful graphic history. Through evocative full color artwork, renowned cartoonist Paul Peart-Smith brings this watershed book to life, centering the perspective of the peoples displaced by Europeans and their white descendants to trace Indigenous perseverance over four centuries against policies intended to obliterate them.
Dr. Roxanne Dunbar-Ortiz, a New York Times best-selling author, grew up in rural Oklahoma in a tenant farming family. She has been active in the international feminist and Indigenous movements for more than four decades and is known for her lifelong commitment to national and international social justice issues. Dunbar-Ortiz is the winner of the 2017 Lannan Cultural Freedom Prize, and is the author or editor of many books, including An Indigenous Peoples’ History of the United States, a recipient of the 2015 American Book Award. She lives in San Francisco and is a professor emeritus in Ethnic Studies at California State University, East Bay.
Paul Peart-Smith is a celebrated cartoonist of over 35 years, with experience in concept art, graphic design, and animation. Having studied to be an illustrator in Cambridge, England, he has worked on comics for 2000 AD, such as Slaughter Bowl . He is the illustrator and adapter of W. E. B. Du Bois Souls of Black Folk: A Graphic Interpretation. He lives in Tasmania, Australia and puts out the bi-weekly newsletter InkSkull .