Zac Williamson, co-founder of the Aztec Protocol and expert in zero knowledge tools and range proofs, discusses the motivation behind Aztec, the efficiency and size of proofs in the Aztec system, challenges of implementing zero knowledge proofs on Ethereum, the lack of consensus on zero knowledge standards, EOC 1723 as a solution to designing a cryptography engine, and the use of curves in zero knowledge treatments.
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Quick takeaways
The Aztec Protocol provides tools and technology for Ethereum to create private representations of existing public digital circuits, allowing for the creation of private token standards with user-defined semantics and interoperability.
Aztec faces challenges in bringing privacy to Ethereum, including the inefficiency of the Ethereum virtual machine in validating zero-knowledge proofs and the need for abstraction and standardization of zero-knowledge technology for easier integration by developers and companies.
Deep dives
Aztec Protocol: Enabling Private Representations of Public Digital Circuits
The Aztec Protocol, created by Aztec, provides tools and technology for Ethereum to create private representations of existing public digital circuits. It allows for the creation of private token standards, where confidential transactions can have user-defined semantics while maintaining compatibility and interoperability. Aztec focuses on range proofs to prevent double spending in private transactions. The protocol is not based on traditional SNARKs but utilizes a different type of zero-knowledge proof construction that is closer to a bulletproof type system. Aztec aims to provide a standard library and JavaScript library for developers to easily integrate zero-knowledge proofs into their projects.
Challenges in Bringing Privacy to Ethereum
Aztec faces various challenges in bringing privacy to Ethereum. One challenge is the inefficiency of the Ethereum virtual machine (EVM) in validating zero-knowledge proofs, resulting in high gas costs. Aztec would benefit from additional precompile options and improvements to the EVM to enhance performance. Another challenge is abstracting away zero-knowledge proof verification for DApp developers and companies, making it easier for them to create and validate their own private digital assets without needing in-depth knowledge of zero-knowledge cryptography. Aztec also emphasizes the importance of standards in the zero-knowledge field and highlights ERC standards like ERC 1723 and 1724 that they have proposed for their cryptography engine and confidential token standard.
The Future of Zero-Knowledge Tech in Ethereum
Aztec envisions a future where a wider range of users, including DApp developers and companies, utilize zero-knowledge technology. Their goal is to provide tools and technology that allow users to solve their own problems using zero-knowledge tech, spurring creativity and innovation. Aztec aims to provide accessibility and abstraction of zero-knowledge tech, lowering the barriers for developers and users to integrate privacy solutions into their projects. This wider adoption of zero-knowledge tech in Ethereum would enable a diverse set of applications and use cases without necessarily requiring users to be aware that they are using zero-knowledge technology.
Finding More Information on Aztec Protocol
To learn more about the Aztec Protocol and their research papers, visit their GitHub repository at github.com/AztecProtocol. They also have a medium publication where they provide high-level explanations of their work and motivations. The Aztec Protocol paper, along with upcoming papers, can be found in their GitHub repository. Collaboration and peer review with academic groups, such as their collaboration with Jens Groth, ensures the quality and rigor of their research.
In this week’s episode, we sit down with Zac Williamson of the Aztec Protocol to discuss zero knowledge tools, range proofs, the Aztec Protocol, the different approaches to bringing privacy to ethereum, and how standards in the space are emerging.
Thanks again to this week's sponsor Neufund. If you’re interested in how Neufund's open-source technical environment is enabling tokenization of real-world assets or the QA position, check their GitHub profile at github.com/neufund or the Neufund job offers at neufund.org/careers