Republic (version 2), The by Plato (Πλάτων) (c. 428 BCE - c. 347 BCE) Book 1 - Part 1
Jan 1, 1970
Socrates, the renowned Athenian philosopher known for his profound questioning techniques, delves into the intricacies of justice and morality. He explores reflections on aging, wealth, and the personal obligations that come with them. The discussion challenges Simonides' view of justice as mere debt repayment, advocating for a deeper understanding. Socrates also distinguishes between true and false friendships, emphasizing their connection to virtue. A spirited debate unfolds around the complexities of justice and the tensions between power and vulnerability.
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Cephalus on the Joy of Old Age
- Cephalus shares his experience of old age, noting that calm and conversation bring more pleasure than bodily pleasures.
- He cites the poet Sophocles to illustrate how old age frees one from the power of passions.
Rethinking Justice and Friendship
- Justice is often seen as doing good to friends and harm to enemies, but this definition is questioned.
- True justice gives good to friends who are good and harm to enemies who are evil, correcting misconceptions about justice.
Justice Can Never Harm Others
- Injuring others deteriorates their virtue, making them unjust.
- The just cannot make others unjust, as good cannot produce bad; thus, true justice never harms anyone.
