Finding The Forgotten Creators Of The Oxford English Dictionary
Dec 13, 2024
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Join linguist Sarah Ogilvie, a former editor of the Oxford English Dictionary and author of "The Dictionary People," along with Anne Curzan, Professor of English at the University of Michigan and author of "Says Who?" They uncover the hidden stories of the unsung heroes behind the Oxford English Dictionary. Discover how diverse contributors—especially women and those from marginalized backgrounds—shaped this monumental work. The discussion also explores the dictionary's evolution in the digital age and its relevance in today's language landscape.
The Oxford English Dictionary's extensive history is shaped by diverse contributors, including women and marginalized individuals, enriching its linguistic narrative.
Modern dictionaries are evolving to capture the dynamism of language influenced by social media, balancing real-time usage with scholarly rigor.
Deep dives
The Legacy of the Oxford English Dictionary
The Oxford English Dictionary (OED) is the world's most comprehensive English language dictionary, notable for its diachronic approach, which traces the history of each word through time. Unlike smaller dictionaries that provide a snapshot of a word's meaning at a particular moment, the OED includes extensive etymologies and historical quotations that demonstrate how meanings have evolved. This ambitious project was initiated in the mid-19th century with a vision to document every English word, necessitating vast efforts from contributors worldwide. The scale of this undertaking highlighted the need for collaboration beyond scholarly circles, showcasing the dictionary's rich tapestry of linguistic history.
Crowdsourcing the Dictionary
To compile such a comprehensive dictionary, the OED relied heavily on crowdsourcing, a novel concept for its time, calling upon individuals across the globe to submit quotations from their local texts. The project enlisted around 3,000 contributors, including some who were institutionalized, thereby bringing diverse voices into the academic lexicon creation process. Sarah Ogilvie's discovery of an address book belonging to the OED's editor revealed these unknown contributors, many of whom were amateurs or self-taught individuals, who passionately devoted their time to the project. This grassroots effort reflects a historically overlooked engagement with language that extends beyond traditional scholarly contributions.
The Evolving Nature of Language in Dictionaries
Modern dictionaries have adapted to an ever-changing linguistic landscape, particularly with the rise of social media, which provides a fast-paced and informal record of language use. Lexicographers actively monitor these platforms to track new words and phrases, leading to a dynamic approach to language documentation. Unlike established print dictionaries, platforms like Urban Dictionary offer real-time insights into contemporary usage but come with the caveat of lacking the curation and scholarly rigor of traditional dictionaries. This shift underscores the need for dictionaries to not only reflect current language but also clarify the legitimacy of word meanings shaped by social contexts.
Diversity of Contributors and Impact on Language
The development of the OED revealed significant contributions from diverse groups, particularly women and individuals from varying backgrounds, many of whom faced educational barriers. Their participation provided not only a wealth of linguistic data but also a sense of belonging to a scholarly endeavor that was previously inaccessible. This inclusivity contrasts sharply with traditional perceptions of dictionaries as the domain of elite scholars, illustrating a rich community of language lovers. The stories of contributors, including marginalized voices from the past, not only add depth to the dictionary but also highlight the transformative power of language in society.
There are few books in the world that most people have heard of. There are even fewer so recognizable that are 500,000 words long.
That's right, we're talking about the dictionary.
The Oxford English Dictionary is the longest English variant of its kind in the world. But many of those who made significant contributions to its creation went unknown for years — until now. These included hundreds of women, people without formal educations, and patients in mental institutions.
In other words, the people who helped make the OED were as diverse as the words in it. We discuss how the Oxford English Dictionary came to be and how our relationship to the dictionary has changed.