A brief history of Hezbollah - with Dr. Matthew Levitt
Oct 27, 2023
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Today's guest is Dr. Matthew Levitt, the Director of the Program on Counterterrorism and Intelligence at the Washington Institute for Near East Policy. They discuss the history and potential threats of Hezbollah, including their connection to Hamas and the ongoing conflict with Israel. They also delve into Israel's cautious approach, the celebration of death, and the significant capabilities of Hezbollah, such as their extensive arsenal and number of operatives.
Hezbollah's main strategy is to draw Israel into a war by targeting Israeli civilians and creating sympathy for Lebanese and Palestinian casualties.
Hezbollah possesses a formidable arsenal, including 150,000 to 200,000 rockets, ranging from standard to highly sophisticated, presenting a significant threat to critical infrastructure such as desalination plants and electricity facilities.
Deep dives
Hezbollah's Strategy to Provoke Israel
Hezbollah's main strategy is to draw Israel into a war by targeting Israeli civilians and creating sympathy for Lebanese and Palestinian casualties. Their goal is to showcase their relevance and the perception that they are a tough resistance organization. They aim to divert Israeli forces and demonstrate their commitment to the destruction of Israel. Hezbollah has a significant arsenal of rockets, both sophisticated and standard, numbering between 150,000 to 200,000. They also possess land-to-sea and anti-aircraft missiles, as well as well-trained operatives, including special forces. Israel has been preparing for a potential confrontation with Hezbollah since the 2006 war and has significantly improved its defensive capabilities.
Hezbollah's Global Footprint
Hezbollah is not limited to Lebanon and has a global presence. It has engaged in attacks and operations worldwide, targeting Israeli and sometimes American interests. Hezbollah has carried out bombings in Argentina, attempted attacks in Thailand, and had operatives in Africa, North America, South America, and Asia. While much of its activities are aligned with Iran's interests, it does have some independent agency in executing smaller-scale operations without direct Iranian involvement.
Capabilities of Hezbollah
Hezbollah possesses a formidable arsenal, including 150,000 to 200,000 rockets, ranging from standard to highly sophisticated, and capable of overwhelming Israel's missile defense systems. Additionally, they have land-to-sea missiles, anti-aircraft capabilities, and well-trained operatives, particularly within their special forces known as the Rodwan forces. Their stockpile is larger than most countries, presenting a significant threat to critical infrastructure such as desalination plants and electricity facilities. However, Israel has also developed its capabilities and defenses in response.
Iran's Involvement with Hezbollah
The extent of Iran's involvement with Hezbollah is significant, as Iran funds, arms, trains, and radicalizes the organization. While exact details of Iran's role in the recent attacks on Israel are not widely known, it is clear that Iran bears responsibility for Hezbollah's actions. Even without direct Iranian direction, Iran's support has shaped Hezbollah's ideology, strategy, and operational capabilities.
Much like our earlier episode on the history of Hamas, today we look at the history of Hezbollah, an even greater threat to Israel than Hamas. Our guest is Dr. Matthew Levitt.
Matt is the director of the Program on Counterterrorism and Intelligence at the Washington Institute for Near East Policy. He served as deputy assistant secretary for intelligence and analysis at the U.S. Department of the Treasury. During his tenure at Treasury, he played a central role in efforts to protect the U.S. financial system from abuse and to deny terrorists, weapons proliferators, and other rogue actors the ability to finance threats to U.S. national security. He later served as a counterterrorism advisor to the special envoy for Middle East regional security. Previously, Matt was a counterterrorism intelligence analyst at the FBI, where he provided tactical and strategic analytical support for counterterrorism operations, focusing on fundraising and logistical support networks for Middle Eastern terrorist groups.
He is the author of several books and monographs, including Hamas: Politics, Charity and Terrorism in the Service of Jihad (Yale University Press, 2006), Negotiating Under Fire: Preserving Peace Talks in the Face of Terror Attacks (Rowman & Littlefield, 2008), and Hezbollah: The Global Footprint of Lebanon's Party of God (Georgetown University Press, 2013). He is the host of the podcast series, Breaking Hezbollah's Golden Rule.
The quotes we discussed in the introduction can be found here:
- The entire statement by Rachel Goldberg-Polin at the U.N. -- https://www.ynetnews.com/article/rkn7vvif6
-The audio recording released by the IDF -- https://www.timesofisrael.com/idf-publishes-audio-of-hamas-terrorist-calling-family-to-brag-of-killing-jews/
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