Exploration of Neptune, its characteristics, and controversial discovery; Neptune's stormy atmosphere, fast winds, and extreme cold; Characteristics of Neptune's moons and their origins; Preferences for experiential gifts and stargazing; Neptune's mysterious heat emission and theories; Upcoming December meteor showers and stargazing recommendations.
Neptune emits more heat than it receives from the sun, possibly due to factors like its age or the influence of its moon Triton.
Neptune's distinct blue color is caused by the abundance of methane gas in its atmosphere, while its rings contain clumps of material that change over time.
Deep dives
Neptune's Unique Heat Output
Neptune emits about two and a half times more heat than it receives from the sun, which is quite unusual considering its distance from the sun. The exact reason for this is still debated among scientists, but it may be due to factors such as the age of Neptune, the influence of its moon Triton, or other internal processes.
Neptune's Stormy Atmosphere and Weather
Neptune has a stormy atmosphere with bright, rapidly changing clouds of methane ice. These clouds create banding and subtle color variations in the atmosphere. The most famous storm system on Neptune was the Great Dark Spot, similar to Jupiter's Great Red Spot, but it disappeared within five years. Neptune also experiences some of the fastest recorded wind speeds in the solar system, despite its extremely cold temperatures.
Neptune's Characteristic Blue Color
Neptune's distinct blue color comes from the abundance of methane gas in its atmosphere. Methane absorbs red light, leaving only blue light to be reflected back. Additionally, the absence of aerosol and haze particles further enhances the blue color. The atmosphere's weather systems efficiently remove these particles, resulting in a deep blue appearance. In contrast, Uranus, another ice giant, appears greener due to the presence of more aerosols.
Neptune's Rings and Moons
Neptune has five rings, with the Adams Ring being the most peculiar. It contains clumps known as ring arcs, which are gravitational aggregations of material that change in brightness and extent over time. Neptune has 14 known moons, with Triton being the largest and most unique. Triton's retrograde and inclined orbit suggests it was captured by Neptune and is potentially geophysically active. Other moons orbit within Neptune's rings, while some irregular moons orbit beyond Triton.
They've done it. It has taken them all year but Izzie Clarke and Dr Becky Smethurst have reached the final planet in our solar system; Neptune.
Dr Leigh Fletcher from the University of Leicester is back to cover the basics of the planet and Carolyn Kennett, Chair of the Society for the History of Astronomy, tells Izzie about its controversial discovery. Plus, Dr Robert Massey is on hand for some winter stargazing.
The Supermassive Podcast is a Boffin Media production by Izzie Clarke and Richard Hollingham for the Royal Astronomical Society.
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