Uzbekistan and Central Asia in transition

Sep 25, 2025

Join journalist Joanna Lillis, an expert on Central Asia, as she explores the transformative journey of Uzbekistan from a brutal dictatorship to the 'New Uzbekistan.' With insights drawn from her book, she discusses the country's political evolution, economic reforms, and rich cultural tapestry, including its vibrant silk industry and avant-garde art. Joanna also highlights Uzbekistan's strategic role amid global powers and the impact of Afghanistan on its security and foreign policy, painting a comprehensive picture of a nation at the crossroads.

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ANECDOTE

Two Decades Of Firsthand Reporting

Joanna Lillis lived and worked in Uzbekistan from 2001 to 2005 during its harshest dictatorial years.
She later returned frequently and gained official journalist access after Islam Karimov's death, which enabled deep research for Silk Mirage.

INSIGHT

Reform Is Harder Than It Looks

Silk Mirage examines political change, economic reform, and the limits of opening a dictatorship.
Lillis argues that dismantling authoritarian systems is technically hard even with reformist intent.

ANECDOTE

Avant-Garde Art In The Desert

Lillis highlights unexpected cultural finds, including an extensive avant-garde art collection hidden in the desert.
She uses such cultural stories to illustrate Uzbekistan's rich, lesser-known layers beyond politics.

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Unveiling Uzbekistan: A Nation at the Crossroads of History and Future

Join host Nick as he welcomes back acclaimed journalist and author Joanna Lillis to the Explaining History podcast. Seven years after her last appearance to discuss her book on Kazakhstan, "Dark Shadows," Joanna returns to shed light on the enigmatic nation of Uzbekistan, the subject of her new book, "Silk Mirage."

This episode delves into the complexities of a country that was, for 25 years, one of the world's most brutal dictatorships and is now navigating a period of reform dubbed the "Uzbek Spring." Lillis, drawing on two decades of experience living in and reporting on Central Asia, provides a nuanced and insightful look into Uzbekistan's past, present, and future.

In this episode, we explore:

The core themes of "Silk Mirage," including Uzbekistan's political evolution, economic reforms, and the challenges of emerging from a dictatorship.
The geopolitical significance of Uzbekistan, a nation positioned between the great powers of Russia and China, and its role in China's Belt and Road Initiative.
The impact of the long war in neighbouring Afghanistan on Uzbekistan's security and foreign policy.
The potential for economic transformation as Uzbekistan leverages its strategic location and young population.
The cultural landscape of Uzbekistan, from its famous silk industry to a surprising and vast collection of avant-garde art hidden in the desert.
The improving relations between Central Asian states and the region's growing presence on the world stage.

Whether you're a history enthusiast, a follower of international affairs, or simply curious about a little-understood part of the world, this conversation with Joanna Lillis offers a captivating and essential guide to the fascinating and strategically important nation of Uzbekistan.

Joanna's new book, "Silk Mirage," will be published by Bloomsbury on November 13th and is available for pre-order now. Support independent bookshops or order directly from the publisher where possible.

Go Deeper: Visit our website at www.explaininghistory.org for articles and detailed explorations of the topics discussed.

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