Discover the world's fastest-growing economy in Guyana, driven by massive oil discoveries. Explore challenges of managing the oil boom, avoiding corruption, and leveraging the newfound wealth with a small population. President Ali discusses Guyana's commitment to net zero carbon emissions and the role of oil in the global transition to clean energy.
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Quick takeaways
Guyana has experienced rapid economic growth due to its recent oil discoveries, with reserves of around 11 billion barrels of oil and a production expected to quadruple by the end of the decade.
The Guyanese government emphasizes the importance of proper management, transparency, and accountability to avoid the resource curse often associated with oil-rich nations, establishing measures such as a separate natural resources fund governed independently and changes to production sharing agreements to improve accountability and prevent corruption.
Deep dives
Guyana's Oil Boom: Rapid Economic Growth Driven by Oil Discoveries
Guyana, a former British colony in South America, has experienced remarkable economic growth due to its recent oil discoveries. With reserves of around 11 billion barrels of oil, Guyana has become one of the top 20 oil producers in the world. Production is expected to quadruple by the end of the decade, bringing billions of dollars into the country. The small population of less than a million presents an enormous potential for growth per capita. Guyana aims to use the revenue from oil to diversify its economy, investing in infrastructure, education, healthcare, housing, and other sectors. The government also emphasizes the importance of proper management, transparency, and accountability to avoid the resource curse often associated with oil-rich nations.
Guyana's Oil Contracts and the Need for Increased Accountability
Critics argue that the previous government signed oil contracts with Exxon and its partners that favored the companies over the country. While the current government acknowledges that the deals were not ideal, they prioritize the sanctity of contracts and will not renegotiate. However, they have made changes to future production sharing agreements to improve accountability and transparency. Guyana aims to ensure that its people and the country as a whole benefit more from the oil and gas resources. The government has established a separate natural resources fund governed independently, and any use of the funds requires parliamentary approval. These measures aim to mitigate corruption and prevent the negative impacts of the so-called resource curse.
Guyana's Path to Sustainable Development and Climate Leadership
Despite its newfound oil wealth, Guyana is committed to pursuing sustainable development and addressing climate change. The country is investing in renewable energy, biodiversity protection, ecotourism, and infrastructure development. President Irfan Ali emphasizes that Guyana is playing a leading role in climate action, being carbon negative with its vast forest reserves. While acknowledging the global transition away from oil, President Ali argues that the immediate and medium-term dependence on oil and gas remains significant. He believes that oil and gas can be part of the solution in transitioning to net-zero emissions and calls for a comprehensive discussion involving all stakeholders. Guyana aims to develop a model that aligns its development needs with best practices from other countries.
The former British colony in South America boasts the world’s fastest-growing economy at the moment – it expanded by 62 per cent last year, according to the International Monetary Fund.
The reason is oil. Since 2015, US oil major Exxon and its partners have made a series of massive discoveries in Guyanese waters, catapulting the country into the world’s top 20 in terms of reserves.
That’s bringing billions of dollars into the economy but also challenges: how can Guyana avoid the ‘resource curse’ - the mismanagement and corruption that have afflicted other commodity-rich nations? How can it exploit the oil bonanza with a population of less than a million people? And has the oil come too late anyway – just as the world move away from fossil fuels?
We talk to the country’s president Irfaan Ali.
Presenter and producer: Gideon Long
(Image: President Irfaan Ali. Credit: Keon Blades/ Office of the President Guyana)
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