Masha Kirasirova, "The Eastern International: Arabs, Central Asians, and Jews in the Soviet Union's Anticolonial Empire" (Oxford UP, 2024)
Nov 19, 2024
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Masha Kirasirova, an Assistant Professor of History at NYU Abu Dhabi, dives into her groundbreaking research on Soviet anticolonial policies, linking Arabs, Central Asians, and Jews. She sheds light on how the Soviet Union shaped these groups' identities and aspirations. Masha discusses her journey from Syrian history to uncovering Soviet archives, revealing complex interwar dynamics. She also explores the contributions of figures like Egyptian student Hamdi Salem and examines the post-WWII influence of the Soviet Union in Arab states. Intrigued? Tune in!
The podcast reveals how the Soviet Union's vision of the Eastern International facilitated anti-colonial movements among Arabs, Central Asians, and Jews throughout the early 20th century.
It highlights the personal experiences of individuals engaging with Soviet systems, illustrating the complexities and dangers of international ideological affiliations during decolonization.
Deep dives
The Concept of the Eastern International
The book explores the Soviet Union's vision of the Eastern International, focusing on the interactions between Arabs, Central Asians, and Jews within the context of anti-colonial struggles. It emphasizes how the Soviet model was perceived and utilized by various groups in the Eastern Mediterranean and Central Asia during periods of decolonization. Through archival research, it uncovers the significance of these interactions in reshaping political narratives, identities, and ideologies amidst the complexities of Soviet power projection. The narrative highlights the intersection of local experiences with Soviet ideologies and how these relationships impacted broader geopolitical contexts.
Historical Context and Personal Encounters
The author's personal encounters during her time in the Middle East motivated her to explore how individuals from these regions engaged with the Soviet Union. She discusses her transition from a focus on Syrian history to investigating how Middle Eastern actors navigated Soviet systems, especially in the aftermath of World War I. By examining archival materials, she identifies key connections between Soviet Central Asia and the Eastern Mediterranean, revealing how historical narratives influenced contemporary understandings of these regions. This exploration underscores the lasting impact of historical interactions between the Soviet Union and its eastern neighbors.
Soviet Engagement and Cultural Diplomacy
The podcast delves into the ways the Soviet Union actively engaged with eastern actors during the 1920s and beyond, particularly through educational initiatives like the Communist University for the Toilers of the East. It shares the story of individuals, such as Egyptian student Hamdi Salem, who sought opportunities in the Soviet educational system, highlighting the complexities of their experiences. The narrative emphasizes that many who returned to their home countries faced severe repercussions due to their communist affiliations, showcasing the dangerous realities of anti-colonial activism. Through these personal narratives, the discussion illustrates the intricate web of connections and exchanges that shaped cultural diplomacy and ideological alignments.
Legacies of Soviet Anti-Colonialism
The analysis extends into the legacies of the Soviet Union’s anti-colonial engagements with newly independent states, particularly in the context of the 1950s and 1960s. The podcast discusses how the Soviet Union's support for developing nations paralleled its domestic challenges and changing leadership, notably during Khrushchev's era. It points out the continuities in cultural diplomacy, even as narratives evolved and responded to external critiques, particularly from China and within the framework of the non-aligned movement. Ultimately, it argues that the complexities of these interactions have left enduring political and epistemic legacies that continue to influence contemporary relationships between Russia and the Middle East.
In the first few years after the Russian Revolution, an ideological project coalesced to link the development of what Stalin demarcated as the internal "East"—primarily Central Asia and the Caucasus—with nation-building, the overthrow of colonialism, and progress toward socialism in the "foreign East"—the Third World. Support for anti-colonial movements abroad was part of the Communist Party platform and shaped Soviet foreign policy to varying degrees thereafter.
The Eastern International: Arabs, Central Asians, and Jews in the Soviet Union's Anticolonial Empire (Oxford University Press, 2024) by Dr. Masha Kirasirova explores how the concept of "the East" was used by the world's first communist state and its mediators to project, channel, and contest power across Eurasia. Dr. Kirasirova traces how this policy was conceptualised and carried out by students, comrades, and activists—Arab, Jewish, and Central Asian. It drew on their personal motivations and gave them considerable access to state authority and agency to shape Soviet ideology, inform concrete decisions, and allocate resources. Contextualising these Eastern mediators within a global frame, this book historicizes the circulation of peoples and ideas between the socialist and decolonizing world and reinscribes Soviet history into postcolonial studies and global history.
This interview was conducted by Dr. Miranda Melcher whose new book focuses on post-conflict military integration, understanding treaty negotiation and implementation in civil war contexts, with qualitative analysis of the Angolan and Mozambican civil wars.