They Tortured Him for Years. Now They Rule Syria.

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Dec 17, 2024

Theo Padnos, journalist and author of "Undercover Muslim," shares his harrowing experiences of nearly two years of captivity and torture in Syria. He discusses the dramatic fall of Bashar al-Assad’s regime and the emergence of the rebel coalition Hayat Tahrir al-Sham, led by the controversial Abu Mohammad al-Jolani. Padnos delves into the psychological dynamics of extremism, survival, and identity amidst dehumanization, highlighting the complex interplay of power and morality in a landscape filled with shifting allegiances and enduring trauma.

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ANECDOTE

Initial Capture

Theo Padnos, upon entering Syria, was kidnapped by individuals claiming to be journalists but were affiliated with Jabhat al-Nusra.
These individuals conducted a staged interview which turned into an assault, marking the beginning of Padnos' captivity.

ANECDOTE

First Escape and Recapture

Padnos escaped his initial captors and sought help from the Free Syrian Army, believing they were allies.
However, the FSA turned him back over to the kidnappers after they accused him of being an American spy.

ANECDOTE

Transfer to Adnani

Padnos was transferred to the custody of Mohammed Adnani, a key figure in Al-Qaeda.
This marked the beginning of systematic torture under Adnani, who was involved in attacks like the Bataclan theatre attack in Paris.

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Last week marked a historic turning point in Syria. Rebel forces seized control of the nation, toppling the regime of Bashar al-Assad and ending his family’s brutal 50-year stranglehold on power.

For decades, the Assad dynasty ruled through unimaginable violence—launching chemical attacks on civilians, silencing dissent with mass imprisonment and torture, and presiding over a civil war that killed an estimated 600,000 people and drove 13 million into exile.

In cities across the world, jubilant Syrians have celebrated the regime’s downfall, having deemed it to be one of the world’s most oppressive dictatorships.

But not everyone is celebrating. Or at least, some people are saying there is reason for caution.

That’s because the coalition of rebel forces taking control of Syria now is led by Hayat Tahrir al-Sham, or HTS, a militant Islamist organization which originated as an offshoot of al-Qaeda. Its leader is a Saudi-born Syrian who calls himself Abu Mohammad al-Jolani. A 21-year-old al-Jolani left Syria for Iraq in 2003 to join al-Qaeda and fight against America. There, he was captured by the U.S. and put into Bucca jail, which housed some of the most notorious al-Qaeda prisoners.

But since emerging on the world stage in the last week, al-Jolani has indicated that he is a reformed man, leading a moderated organization. He insists his al-Qaeda days and their methods—the detentions and torture and forced conversions—are over, and HTS is not going to persecute religious and ethnic minorities. But is it… true?

Few people in the West might know that answer as well as journalist Theo Padnos. In October 2012, Padnos ventured from Turkey into Syria to report on the Syrian Civil War. There, he was captured by HTS (then known as Jabhat al-Nusra) and held captive for nearly two years.

Throughout his captivity, Padnos endured relentless torture at the hands of his captors. He was savagely beaten until unconscious, given electric shocks, and forced into severe stress positions for hours at a time. All of this is to say nothing of the psychological torment inflicted on him.

Today, he joins Michael Moynihan to discuss his harrowing experience, the psychology of jihadists, and what the future of Syria will look like under the leadership of his former captors.

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