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In the early 1970s, there was a significant grassroots movement aiming to eliminate pay toilets in the United States, particularly in Chicago. Activists argued that charging for toilet use created barriers based on gender and socioeconomic status, primarily affecting women who had to pay while men could use urinals for free. This activism highlighted broader issues of public goods and access, as advocates believed that public restrooms should be free and accessible to all individuals. The movement culminated in a notable victory when Chicago's Mayor Richard J. Daley announced the end of pay toilets at major airports, marking a significant step toward the removal of paid restroom access across the city.