Dive into the first recorded bank robbery in U.S. history, where a blacksmith named Patrick Lyon was wrongfully imprisoned. Discover the bizarre confession of the real thief amidst a yellow fever outbreak. Unravel the legal chaos and societal repercussions faced by Lyon and the bank's officials. Learn how societal biases affected justice, leading to a dramatic trial and Lyon's eventual vindication. The tale intertwines crime, deception, and a remarkable journey from blacksmith to engineer, all rooted in a pivotal moment in American history.
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Quick takeaways
The 1798 Bank of Pennsylvania robbery highlighted serious flaws in the justice system, as Patrick Lyon was wrongfully imprisoned despite providing an alibi.
Isaac Davis's eventual confession as the true robber exposes how the bank officials prioritized their reputations over seeking justice for Lyon.
Deep dives
The First Bank Robbery in American History
The episode details the first recorded bank robbery in the United States, which took place at the Bank of Pennsylvania in 1798, resulting in the theft of over $162,000, equivalent to more than $4 million today. The unique aspect of this robbery was the absence of forced entry, indicating that someone familiar with the bank and its security had orchestrated the crime. Patrick Lyon, a blacksmith who had worked on the bank's vault locks, became the prime suspect due to his close association with the bank during its transition to Carpenter's Hall. His background as a skilled locksmith and a recent conflict regarding the bank's choice of vault locks further complicated matters.
Patrick Lyon's Wrongful Imprisonment
Lyon's life took a drastic turn when he learned he was suspected of the robbery, prompting him to return to Philadelphia to clear his name and inform the authorities about his suspicions of two other men. Despite providing his alibi and details about his whereabouts, Lyon was arrested and held at Walnut Street Prison under harsh conditions without formal charges. The lack of evidence against him led to an unjust legal situation, where he was subjected to miserable treatment, including confinement in a root cellar without basic necessities. This event not only tarnished his reputation but also illustrated the failures of the justice system and the biases against him.
The True Culprit Revealed
The unexpected twist in the case came with the confession of Isaac Davis, who admitted to being the robber, revealing details about his accomplice Thomas Cunningham, who had died shortly after the crime. Davis's confession raised serious questions about Lyon's involvement, yet the bank officials continued to harbor suspicions against him, contributing to his ongoing legal battles. The bank's leadership chose to ignore crucial evidence, including Davis’s confession, during a grand jury proceeding, demonstrating their commitment to preserving their reputations rather than seeking justice. Lyon was ultimately released after the grand jury dismissed the charges against him, but the damage to his reputation was already done.
Lyon's Legacy and Turnaround
Following his release, Lyon did not return to blacksmithing due to the tarnished reputation from the robbery incident, opting instead to focus on engineering and real estate investments. He became successful in designing pump engines, contributing significantly to fire safety technology in Pennsylvania and neighboring states, and his machines are still preserved in museums today. Additionally, Lyon chronicled his experiences in a book detailing the wrongful accusations against him and the institution’s manipulation of justice, thereby reclaiming his narrative. His life culminated in a notable portrait, where he chose to depict himself as a blacksmith, a testament to his origins and resilience after grappling with the injustice he endured.
The first recorded bank robbery in the U.S. resulted in the wrong man sitting in jail, a very strange confession, and a serious lawsuit for the administrators of the bank that was robbed.
Research:
Avery, Ron. “America’s First Bank Robbery.” Carpenters’ Hall. https://www.carpentershall.org/americas-first-bank-robbery
“Democratic Mystery Unraveled.” The North American. Nov. 20, 1798. https://www.newspapers.com/image/593171719/?match=1&terms=%22isaac%20davis%22
Hunt, Kristin. “The first major bank heist in America happened 225 years ago in Philly — and the wrong guy went to prison.” Philly Voice. Aug. 31, 2023. https://www.phillyvoice.com/first-bank-robbery-us-philly-carpenters-hall-patrick-lyon/
Lloyd, Thomas. “Robbery of the Bank of Pennsylvania in 1798. The Trial in the Supreme Court of the State of Pennsylvania. Reported from the Notes by T. Lloyd. Upon Which the President of That Bank, the Cashier, One of the Directors (Who Was an Alderman) and Another Person Who Was the High Constable of Philadelphia; Were Sentenced to Pay Patrick Lyon Twelve Thousand Dollars Damages, for a False and Malicious Prosecution against Him, without Either Reasonable or Probable Cause.” Philadelphia: Printed for the publishers. 1808. https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=WfcdAAAAMAAJ&rdid=book-WfcdAAAAMAAJ&rdot=1
Lyon, Patrick. “The narrative of Patrick Lyon, who suffered three months severe imprisonment in Philadelphia gaol; on merely a vague suspicion, of being concerned in the robbery of the Bank of Pennsylvania: : with his remarks thereon.” Philadelphia. Francis and Robert Bailey. 1799. Accessed online: https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/evans/N26860.0001.001/1:3?rgn=div1;view=fulltext
“Pat Lyon at the Forge.” MFABoston. https://collections.mfa.org/objects/34216/pat-lyon-at-the-forge?ctx=797a5f9d-a27a-4ae4-996d-f277ad579544&idx=0
Rakich, Whitney, PhD. “Patrick Lyon (1769-1829).” Mount Vernon. https://www.mountvernon.org/library/digitalhistory/digital-encyclopedia/article/patrick-lyon-1769-1829#note2
“Well-known Tenants of Carpenters' Hall.” Carpenters Hall. https://www.carpentershall.org/tenants
Xiang, Enya. “Carpenters’ Hall in Philadelphia: A Crossroads for Early American History.” Global Philadelphia. Aug. 11, 2023. https://globalphiladelphia.org/news/carpenters-hall-philadelphia-crossroads-early-american-history