Polarization: Is America Too Fragmented? Rick Pildes and Lee Drutman
Sep 8, 2023
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Rick Pildes, Professor of Constitutional Law, debates with political scientist Lee Drutman on the causes and consequences of political polarization and fragmentation. They explore the challenges faced by Western democracies in forming stable coalitions and delivering effective governance. They also discuss the toxic and tribal nature of political culture in the US compared to the UK's system, along with the impact of voting systems, diversity, and the primary system on political polarization and fragmentation in America.
Fragmentation of democratic politics is a pervasive challenge for Western democracies, hindering effective governance.
Polarization, particularly in the US two-party system, undermines effective government and thrives on winner-take-all mentality.
Deep dives
The impact of polarization and fragmentation on democracies
The podcast episode discusses the impact of polarization and fragmentation on democracies, focusing on Western Europe and the United States. Rick Pildes argues that fragmentation, characterized by the rise of numerous political parties and dispersed political power, has weakened Western democracies. He highlights the challenges in forming governments and the increasing instability of coalition politics. On the other hand, Lee Druttman argues that polarization, exacerbated by the two-party system in the US, is a key cause of political dysfunction. He believes that proportional representation (PR) systems in Europe allow for better management of stresses and shifting coalitions, fostering compromise and reducing extremism. While Pildes expresses skepticism towards adopting PR and warns of potential government ineffectiveness with multiple parties, Druttman believes PR can enhance representation and diversity, while reducing policy polarization.
Debating the effectiveness of the two-party system
Rick Pildes and Lee Druttman engage in a debate about the effectiveness of the two-party system. Pildes contends that despite its flaws, the two-party system allows for internal pressures and shifts within parties, leading to significant changes in party ideologies and approaches. He argues that even with its internal divisions, the two-party system provides a common interest in party success that can facilitate compromise and acceptance of differences. Druttman, however, asserts that the two-party system, particularly in the US, amplifies divisions and prevents effective government due to the winner-take-all mentality and lack of overlap between parties. He advocates for proportional representation to reduce polarization and promote compromise.
Considering the challenges and complexities of political reform
The podcast episode delves into the challenges and complexities of political reform. While both Rick Pildes and Lee Druttman express support for certain reforms, they approach the idea of change with caution. Pildes emphasizes the need to thoroughly examine the advantages and disadvantages of proposed reforms, expressing concerns about potential government ineffectiveness and fragmentation in a multi-party system. Druttman acknowledges potential risks of weakened party control in reforms like ranked-choice voting, but believes they offer opportunities to address the toxic political culture and extreme partisanship. Both speakers call for an informed and measured approach to political reform to ensure improved democratic governance.
Why is American politics so dysfunctional? Is it because we are too polarized or too fragmented? Throughout this fall we will be exploring different aspects of polarization— arguably the most important threat to both effective governance and a stable democracy.
This episode includes an edited recording of a lively conversation from the podcast, "Politics In Question", between Rick Pildes, Professor of Constitutional Law at NYU School of Law, and political scientist Lee Drutman, a senior research fellow at the New America Foundation.
Lee has been a guest on several previous episodes of "How Do We Fix It?". Author of the book, "Breaking the Two Party Doomloop: The Case for Multiparty Democracy in America", Lee is known as an advocate for proportional representation with ranked-choice voting, arguing that it would reduce political polarization and minimize the risks of democratic backsliding.
Rick is skeptical of this analysis, and argues that "the most pervasive and perhaps deepest challenge facing virtually all Western democracies today is the political fragmentation of democratic politics." He has written widely about this topic.
Thank you to our friends at "Politics In Question", who have given us permission to share their interview. Both "Politics In Question" and "How Do We Fix It?" are members of The Democracy Group, a network that shares political podcasts about democracy, civic engagement and civil discourse.
This episode is part of a fall series made with support and funding from Solutions Journalism Network — a non-profit training and advocacy organization. SJN trains journalists to focus on what the news misses most often: How people are trying to solve problems and what we can learn from their successes and failures.