Ep. 250 - Souls are the best response to the Mind-Body Problem w/Dr. Ralph Stefan Weir
Oct 12, 2023
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Dr. Ralph Stefan Weir, an esteemed author known for his insights into the Mind-Body Problem and consciousness, delves into fascinating philosophical discussions. He explores substance dualism and critiques modern materialism, emphasizing the importance of the soul in contemporary discourse. The conversation navigates the complexities of consciousness, contrasting human experiences with AI, while also challenging notions of immortality through mind uploading. Weir's journey highlights the relevance of historical philosophies in understanding identity and existence.
The podcast emphasizes the problematic nature of mind uploads, challenging the notion that they equate to true continuity of self.
Dr. Ralph Weir contrasts substance dualism with property dualism, highlighting the historical significance of the soul in understanding consciousness.
The concept of philosophical zombies is explored as an argument prompting property dualists to reconsider the existence of non-physical substances.
Deep dives
Tech Optimism and the Desire for Continuity
The discussion highlights the optimism surrounding technology and its potential for mind uploads, driven by a desire to continue living beyond physical death. Many in the tech community perceive death as undesirable and see technology as a means to transcend it. However, upon closer examination, the assumption that mind uploads would equate to true continuity of self is revealed to be problematic. Individuals often acknowledge that what they would preserve in a mind upload is merely a structural replica rather than their actual consciousness.
Navigating the Philosophy of Consciousness
The episode delves into the philosophy of consciousness, specifically substance dualism versus property dualism. The host and guest, Ralph Weir, discuss how contemporary philosophical discourse often favors property dualism—the belief in mental properties existing without immaterial substances—over traditional substance dualism, which posits the existence of an immaterial mind. Weir's background as a philosophy student leads him to challenge the prevalent narratives that often overlook the historical significance of the soul in philosophical discussions. Through a critical lens, they explore the tensions and implications of these contrasting views on our understanding of human nature.
Defining Substance and Properties
A central focus of the conversation is the distinction between substance and properties within the framework of dualist philosophies. Weir emphasizes the importance of understanding what constitutes a substance—a thing that can exist independently—compared to properties, which cannot exist without a substance. He clarifies that acknowledging both immaterial properties and substances is essential for a comprehensive understanding of consciousness. This nuanced definition lays the groundwork for exploring deeper philosophical implications regarding identity and existence.
Philosophical Zombies and Their Implications
The concept of philosophical zombies serves as a pivotal argument in the discussion on consciousness, particularly in relation to property dualism. Weir argues that if one accepts the possibility of philosophical zombies—beings that function physically like humans but lack consciousness—then one must also reconsider the existence of non-physical substances. This inversion of reasoning suggests that the recognition of non-physical properties necessitates the acknowledgment of non-physical substances. Ultimately, this argument challenges property dualists to confront the implications of their stance on consciousness and existence.
Liberal Platonism and Its Compatibility
The episode explores the compatibility of liberal Platonism with the arguments presented regarding substance and properties. The discussion reveals that one can maintain a belief in abstract properties existing independently, while still supporting the arguments for substance dualism. Weir asserts that both abstract universals and concrete instances play a significant role in understanding the nature of substances and their relationships to properties. By engaging with these philosophical frameworks, the conversation encourages a deeper analysis of how we conceive abstract entities in relation to the material world.
In episode 250 of the Parker's Pensées Podcast, I'm joined by Dr. Ralph Weir to discuss some of his work in his fantastic new book The Mind-Body Problem and Metaphysics: An Argument from Consciousness to Mental Substance.
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0:00 - How Dr. Weir got into substance dualism
8:12 - What counts as substance dualism?
11:08 - What is the Mind/Body Problem?
17:33 - Everyone Hates the Soul
20:11 - defining properties and substances
31:34 - Individuating our thoughts and Haecceities
37:30 - Phenomenal consciousness vs. functional consciousness
47:03 - Do you exist when you're not conscious?
50:45 - Artificial intelligence and machine consciousness
55:05 - Transhumanism and brain uploads
58:42 - philosophical zombies on substance dualism?
1:05:22- If philosophical zombies then immaterial selves
1:13:06 - back to defining substances
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