How to think for ourselves — is it even possible?

Utopia is a work of fiction and political philosophy by Thomas More published in 1516. The book is a frame narrative primarily depicting a fictional island society and its religious, social and political customs. More coined the word Utopia from the Greek: οὐ-τοπος meaning "no place" or "nowhere".

News from Nowhere is a utopian novel by William Morris, envisioning a future socialist society set in England. The story follows William Guest as he awakens in a transformed world characterized by communal living, artistic craftsmanship, and the absence of private property. Morris's vision emphasizes the beauty of nature, the value of work, and the potential for human happiness in a world free from capitalist exploitation. It serves as a critique of industrial society and a celebration of aesthetic and social ideals.

The City of the Sun is a philosophical work by Tommaso Campanella, describing a utopian theocratic city where community of goods and wives is practiced. The dialogue describes the structure, customs, and education within this ideal society, emphasizing communal living and governance by philosopher-priests. Campanella's work reflects his vision of a society guided by reason and natural law. It presents an elaborate, idealized system aimed at promoting intellectual and spiritual development.

Erewhon is a satirical utopian novel by Samuel Butler, presenting a fictional country that critiques Victorian society through reversed logic and social norms. The narrator discovers Erewhon, where practices like punishing the ill and rewarding the criminal are the norm. Butler uses this society to satirize institutions like education, religion, and technology, challenging readers to question their own values and assumptions. The novel explores themes of progress, morality, and the nature of societal conventions.