Jason Stanley, M. Gessen and Anna Funder — Is it fascism yet?

Mein Kampf, written by Adolf Hitler while he was imprisoned following the failed Beer Hall Putsch in 1923, is a two-volume work that combines autobiography and political treatise. The book details Hitler's early life, his experiences during World War I, and his increasing antisemitism and militarism. It outlines his vision for Germany, including the need for Lebensraum (living space) in Eastern Europe, and his racist and anti-Semitic views. The work became the central text of National Socialism and a blueprint for Hitler's policies, including aggressive foreign policy and the persecution of Jews and other minority groups.

The Future Is History charts the coming-of-age of four Russians born in the early 1980s, tracing their experiences from the optimism of post-Soviet reforms to the resurgence of authoritarianism under Vladimir Putin. The book offers a nuanced understanding of Russian society and its recurrent totalitarianism. Through personal narratives and intellectual history, Gessen diagnoses the societal and political shifts that have shaped Russia's contemporary governance.

In 'Dying of Whiteness,' Jonathan M. Metzl explores the unintended public health consequences of right-wing backlash policies related to taxes, gun control, social safety nets, and healthcare. Through field interviews, research, and public-health data gathered in Missouri, Tennessee, and Kansas, Metzl shows how these policies, despite being marketed to benefit white Americans, actually increase deaths by gun suicide, lower life expectancies, and raise dropout rates. The book highlights the paradox of whiteness, where the pursuit of white privilege leads to detrimental health outcomes for both white and non-white populations.

In this book, Masha Gessen provides an incisive overview of the calamitous trajectory of the past few years under the Trump presidency. Gessen highlights the corrosion of the media, the judiciary, and cultural norms, and tells the story of how a short few years have changed the American identity. The book is both an inventory of the ravages caused by autocratic tendencies and a beacon to recovery or enduring and resisting these assaults. Gessen's unique cross-cultural fluency, derived from her Soviet childhood and decades covering totalitarianism in Russia, offers essential insights into the signs of autocracy and its impact on American society.

Published in 1935, 'Black Reconstruction in America' challenges the dominant views of the time by portraying the Reconstruction period as a critical time of Black advancement and a near-revolution of anti-racism and societal change. Du Bois argues that African Americans were active agents of their emancipation and that the period was a second American revolution aimed at democratizing the South. The book critiques traditional historians' views and highlights the significance of African American agency in building U.S. democracy, despite the ultimate failure of Reconstruction and the rise of Jim Crow laws.

In this work, Wilhelm Reich provides a unique insight into the phenomenon of fascism, refuting the notion that it is the ideology or action of a single individual, nationality, or ethnic group. Instead, he understands fascism as the organized political expression of the average man's character, resulting from the suppression of primary biological needs and impulses over thousands of years. The book analyzes the social function of this suppression and the crucial roles played by the authoritarian family and the church. Reich also highlights how every form of organized mysticism, including fascism, relies on the unsatisfied orgastic longing of the masses. The importance of this work is underscored by its relevance to current social conflicts, emphasizing the need to understand the mass psychology of fascism to address contemporary societal issues.

Published in 1949, '1984' is a cautionary tale by George Orwell that explores the dangers of totalitarianism. The novel is set in a dystopian future where the world is divided into three super-states, with the protagonist Winston Smith living in Oceania, ruled by the mysterious and omnipotent leader Big Brother. Winston works at the Ministry of Truth, where he rewrites historical records to conform to the Party's ever-changing narrative. He begins an illicit love affair with Julia and starts to rebel against the Party, but they are eventually caught and subjected to brutal torture and indoctrination. The novel highlights themes of government surveillance, manipulation of language and history, and the suppression of individual freedom and independent thought.

In 'Escape from Freedom', Erich Fromm examines the human relationship with freedom, distinguishing between 'freedom from' (negative freedom) and 'freedom to' (positive freedom). The book discusses how the rise of democracy and the destruction of feudal societies led to a new kind of freedom that many individuals found overwhelming. Fromm argues that this sense of freedom can lead to feelings of alienation, anxiety, and a desire to escape these feelings through mechanisms such as authoritarianism, destructiveness, and automatic conformity. He also analyzes the psychosocial conditions that facilitated the rise of Nazism and other totalitarian regimes. The book is divided into sections that explore the historical transition from medieval to modern society, the psychological factors at play in contemporary society, and the dissection of authoritarian societies with a vision of potential alternatives.

In *Erasing History*, Jason Stanley exposes the true danger of the authoritarian right’s attacks on education, identifying their key tactics and funders, and tracing their intellectual roots. He illustrates how fears of a fascist future have become a present reality, with hearts and minds being won in schools and universities. Stanley shows how democratic societies are ill-prepared to defend against these fascist assaults, which aim to erase historical memory and critical inquiry. The book is a global call to action to preserve democracy by understanding and combating these authoritarian efforts.

In this book, Jason Stanley identifies and analyzes the ten pillars of fascist politics, which include exploiting a mythic version of a nation’s past, using propaganda to twist democratic ideals, promoting anti-intellectualism, and implementing law and order policies that target minority groups. Stanley draws on historical and contemporary examples from various countries, including the United States, Hungary, Poland, India, and Myanmar, to illustrate how these tactics create and reinforce divisions and make societies vulnerable to authoritarian leadership. The book emphasizes the importance of recognizing and resisting these fascist politics to protect democratic values.

This book preserves Maharaj's dialogues with followers from around the world who sought his guidance in destroying false identities. His sole concern was with human suffering and the ending of suffering. Maharaj taught that the mind must recognize and penetrate its own state of being, breaking the mind's false identification with the ego, and knowing that 'You are already That'. His discussions are direct, provocative, and profoundly simple, aiming to guide individuals to an understanding of their true nature and the timelessness of being.

This book delves into the story of Eileen O’Shaughnessy, the wife of George Orwell, using newly discovered letters to recreate their marriage. Eileen, a writer herself, significantly influenced Orwell’s work and saved his life with her practical common sense. The book questions what it takes to be a writer and a wife, providing an intimate view of one of the most important literary marriages of the 20th century. It speaks to both the past and the present, celebrating the unsung work of women everywhere.