Andrea Presbitero on Rewards Cards and Wealth Inequality
Sep 7, 2023
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IMF economist Andrea Presbitero discusses the distributional impact of rewards cards and the potential drawbacks for individuals carrying balances. The study reveals a redistribution of rewards from less privileged to more privileged areas. Presbitero argues for caution in implementing regulations and suggests improving financial literacy and increasing market competition to address wealth inequality.
Rewards cards can contribute to wealth inequality by benefiting financially savvy individuals while burdening less financially savvy individuals with fees and interest.
Addressing the issues associated with rewards cards requires a combination of financial literacy programs and regulations to introduce more competition in the market.
Deep dives
Rewards cards and the cost of running balances
Many people keep running balances on rewards cards that end up costing them more than the benefits they receive. While it may seem like a financial mistake, there are reasons why people still choose to have reward cards, such as access to credit. The market for reward cards is large and growing globally. However, research shows that there are winners and losers in this market. Sophisticated users benefit from rewards by paying their full balances each month, while less financially savvy individuals make costly mistakes by carrying over balances. As a result, the banks, in general, always come out as the main beneficiaries of reward cards, making money through interest payments and other fees.
The distributional aspects of rewards cards
The distribution of rewards cards is an important aspect to consider. While some commentators see it as a reverse Robin Hood scenario, where low-income individuals subsidize the rich, the reality is more nuanced. Research shows that both rich and poor individuals benefit and lose out in different ways based on their level of sophistication. Low-income cardholders tend to pay more in terms of fees and interest, while high-income and financially savvy individuals benefit from reward programs. This redistribution contributes to widening inequalities, with areas of higher income and education benefiting while disadvantaged areas face negative net rewards.
Possible solutions: Financial literacy and regulation
Addressing the issues associated with rewards cards requires a multi-faceted approach. First, enhanced financial literacy programs can help individuals make better informed decisions and avoid financial mistakes. Secondly, there is a need for some regulation to introduce more competition in the market. This could help reduce the size of reward programs by limiting banks' ability to gain excessive profits. Comparisons to the European market, where caps on interchange fees have led to smaller reward programs, provide a possible framework for addressing the issue. However, finding a balance between regulation and consumer enjoyment of rewards remains a challenge.
Credit cards that offer rewards like travel discounts seem a good idea, but rewards cards can be costly for anyone who keeps a running balance. So should there be rules around who gets one? IMF economist Andrea Presbitero is coauthor of a study that looks at the distributional impact of rewards cards. In this podcast, Presbitero says while the high interest rates and penalties associated with these cards can widen wealth inequality, limiting access is not the answer. Transcript: https://bit.ly/3r5fzwY
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