The Universe Speaks in Numbers: Edward Witten interviewed by Graham Farmelo
Sep 2, 2019
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Renowned physicist Edward Witten discusses his career, from early academic journey to groundbreaking work in instantons and topology. The conversation explores the fusion of mathematics and physics, the future of physics through 'It from Bit' theory, and challenges in particle physics and cosmology.
Edward Witten excelled in physics by delving into the Standard Model and strong coupling theories, mastering complex mathematical concepts.
String theory offers a potential unified explanation of fundamental forces by blending quantum mechanics and special relativity, despite being not fully understood yet.
Deep dives
Whitten's journey from physics to mathematics
Edward Whitten, a prominent figure in mathematical physics, discusses how his interest in mathematics was sparked during his childhood fascination with astronomy and exposure to calculus. After studying modern languages and briefly considering journalism and history, Whitten turned to physics and quickly excelled. He attributes his success to interacting with influential physicists such as Sidney Coleman, who introduced him to advanced mathematical topics. Whitten's interest in mathematics deepened as he delved into the Standard Model and the theory of strong coupling behavior, prompting him to learn complex mathematical concepts like Morse theory and Atiyah-Singer Index Theorem.
The emergence of string theory and its significance
Whitten's involvement in string theory became a major turning point in his career. He explains that string theory holds the potential to provide a unified explanation of all fundamental forces, blending quantum mechanics and special relativity. With the advent of Michael Green and John Schwarz's work on anomaly cancellation, string theory gained prominence as a framework to explain elementary particle physics with gravity. Whitten acknowledges that the theory is not yet fully understood, but believes it is the most interesting direction for fundamental physics.
The future challenges in fundamental physics
Whitten poses that new observations, whether in astronomy or accelerators, may present new challenges in the field. However, he suggests that the exploration of the relationship between geometry and entanglement, known as 'it from qubit,' holds promise as a direction for future upheaval in theoretical physics. Whitten emphasizes the importance of continuing to expand our understanding of the universe, even if it means challenging long-held beliefs and engaging in interdisciplinary collaborations with mathematicians and physicists.
Science writer Graham Farmelo in conversation with Edward Witten. Edward Witten is widely regarded as the pre-eminent theoretical physicist of the past four decades. Based at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, he has made dozens of path-breaking contributions to both physics and mathematics.
Read more in Graham Farmelo's book The Universe Speaks in Numbers.