Sidney A. Shapiro and Joseph P. Tomain, "How Government Built America" (Cambridge UP, 2024)
Dec 1, 2024
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Sidney A. Shapiro and Joseph P. Tomain, law professors specializing in regulatory policy, discuss their book, highlighting how government has historically partnered with markets to shape America. They challenge myths of individualism, showcasing government’s crucial role in infrastructure and economic growth. The conversation spans historical figures like Hamilton and FDR, addressing how government initiatives have impacted social movements and economic inequalities. They also critique modern economic ideologies from Trump and Biden, emphasizing the need for innovative solutions amidst shifting political landscapes.
The podcast emphasizes the historical partnership between government and markets that has fostered America's economic growth and infrastructure development.
It explores the duality of American identity, balancing rugged individualism with communal responsibility, illustrating their interdependence in shaping society.
The discussion highlights the critical importance of regulation in maintaining market integrity and protecting citizens, warning against the dangers of deregulation.
Deep dives
The Role of Government in Building the Nation
Government has historically played a crucial role in shaping the United States, intertwined with markets to foster economic growth and infrastructure development. Both professors highlight how government investments have built essential public works, such as roads and bridges, facilitating commerce and communication. The evolution of America from its founding to the present demonstrates that government actions directly influenced the availability of economic opportunities and social welfare, often regarded as necessary to support the increasing complexities of market activity. This collaborative relationship is often overlooked, as public perception tends to focus primarily on market operations while undervaluing government contributions.
Debunking Myths of Individualism and Market Supremacy
The podcast discusses two enduring American myths: one that elevates rugged individualism, represented by images like the Marlboro Man, and another that encapsulates collective democratic values, as portrayed in films like 'Mr. Smith Goes to Washington.' These opposing images reflect societal values that have been mischaracterized as entirely separate when, in reality, the American identity incorporates elements of both individualism and communal responsibility. The conversation emphasizes that a balance of market forces and government oversight is necessary to ensure fairness and equality, advocating for a nuanced understanding of America's political economy, rather than a binary view of government versus markets.
Historical Lessons on Regulation and Deregulation
The podcast also addresses the critical role regulation plays in protecting citizens and maintaining market integrity, particularly through historical examples from the New Deal and post-war periods. FDR's initiatives emphasized the need for active government intervention to correct market failures and to ensure that economic benefits were equitably distributed. The conversation contrasts these historical regulatory frameworks with contemporary moves towards deregulation, highlighting both the successes and pitfalls of such policies. The professors argue that while deregulation may foster market efficiency to some extent, it can also lead to significant negative consequences if not carefully managed, particularly in sectors vital to public safety and welfare.
The Impact of Political Leadership on Economic Policies
The discussion reflects on how various U.S. presidents have shaped government policy towards markets, particularly contrasting the approaches of leaders like Eisenhower, Reagan, Clinton, and the current administrations. President Biden's focus on reinvesting in infrastructure and addressing economic inequity through significant legislation reflects a shift towards recognizing the government's role in supporting vulnerable populations. However, the narrative also conveys a sense of urgency regarding the potential setbacks in governance due to political rhetoric against bureaucracy and government efficiency. The professors suggest that the consequences of these policies not only affect immediate economic conditions but also shape the longer-term trust of the public in government efficacy.
A Cautious Outlook on Future Governance
Looking forward, the podcast presents a cautionary tale about the implications of recent political shifts, particularly under the Trump administration and potential future developments. The discussions indicate that an administration focused on dismantling regulatory frameworks may lead to greater societal challenges, especially concerning pressing issues like climate change and economic inequality. With the potential for appointing less experienced individuals to governmental roles, there are concerns about the effectiveness of future governance in addressing critical national problems. The overarching theme suggests a need for a renewed understanding of government’s role, as well as collective efforts to rebuild trust and capability to tackle the challenges ahead.
How Government Built America (Cambridge UP, 2024) challenges growing, anti-government rhetoric by highlighting the role government has played in partnering with markets to build the United States. Sidney A. Shapiro and Joseph P. Tomain explore how markets can harm and fail the country, and how the government has addressed these extremes by restoring essential values to benefit all citizens. Without denying that individualism and small government are part of the national DNA, the authors demonstrate how democracy and a people pursuing communal interests are equally important. In highly engaging prose, the authors describe how the government, despite the complexity of markets, remains engaged in promoting economic prosperity, protecting people, and providing an economic safety net. Each chapter focuses on a historical figure, from Lincoln to FDR to Trump, to illustrate how the government-market mix has evolved over time. By understanding this history, readers can turn the national conversation back to what combination of government and markets will best serve the country.
Sidney A. Shapiro holds the Fletcher Chair in Administrative Law at the Wake Forest University School of Law. He is the author of Administrative Competence: Reimagining Administrative Law (2020) and Achieving Democracy: The Future of Progressive Regulation (2014).
Joseph P. Tomain is Dean Emeritus and the Wilbert and Helen Ziegler Professor of Law at the University of Cincinnati. A highly respected professor and scholar, his teaching and research interests focus in the areas of energy law, land use, regulatory policy, and contracts.
Morteza Hajizadeh is a Ph.D. graduate in English from the University of Auckland in New Zealand. His research interests are Cultural Studies; Critical Theory; Environmental History; Medieval (Intellectual) History; Gothic Studies; 18th and 19th Century British Literature. YouTube channel. Twitter.