Structured Concurrency and Cooperative Multitasking

Structured concurrency is a programming paradigm that focuses on managing concurrent tasks in a structured and predictable way. It allows for cooperative multitasking, where tasks are executed based on specific scopes and can be canceled or managed for errors more effectively compared to traditional preemptive multitasking. The paradigm emphasizes the use of scoped objects, often referred to as nurseries or scopes, to manage concurrent tasks. These nurseries provide the ability to race tasks against each other using a select function, which cancels all but the winning task, or join tasks together to collect their results. Cooperative concurrency enables proper resource cleanup and error handling, making it easier to write reliable and maintainable concurrent code. This approach is implemented in various programming languages, including Rust, Python, and Kotlin.