Levels of Intelligibility, Levels of the Self: Realizing the Dialectic with Dr John Vervaeke | Ralston College

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Aug 2, 2024

Dr. John Vervaeke, an award-winning cognitive science professor at the University of Toronto, dives deep into the meaning crisis plaguing modern society. He presents 'third-wave Neoplatonism' as a framework for understanding our needs for meaning and connection. Vervaeke explores the intricate relationship between cognition and identity, emphasizing the importance of integrating ancient wisdom with contemporary insights. He critiques current knowledge acquisition practices and advocates for a communal approach to wisdom, fostering deeper self-knowledge and existential understanding.

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INSIGHT

Leveled Self

The self is not a monolithic entity but exists on different levels.
It becomes realized at the level where it corresponds most deeply with reality.

INSIGHT

Self and Reality

There's a coordinated co-participation between levels of the self and levels of reality.
The self's realization depends on its alignment with a level of reality.

INSIGHT

Neoplatonism's Synthesis

Neoplatonism integrates Platonic spirituality, Aristotelian science, and Stoic agency.
It acts as a 'grand unified theory' of ancient thought.

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The Enneads

Plotinus

The Enneads are a comprehensive set of philosophical treatises written by Plotinus and edited by his student Porphyry. The work is divided into six groups of nine treatises each, hence the name 'Enneads'. It covers a wide range of subjects including human ethics, cosmological and physical reality, the nature of the soul, knowledge and intelligible reality, and the ultimate principles of being and the One. The arrangement of the treatises follows a pedagogical plan rather than chronological order, guiding the reader from practical to more abstract and metaphysical topics.

Religion and nothingness

Nishitani, Keiji

In 'Religion and Nothingness,' Keiji Nishitani explores the concept of nothingness (Śūnyatā or emptiness) and its relevance to contemporary life, particularly in the context of Western nihilism. The book challenges traditional Western ideas such as the dichotomy of faith and reason, the personal and transcendent notions of God, and the Judeo-Christian view of history. Nishitani argues that the acceptance of absolute nothingness can overcome the nihilism inherent in Western civilization. The work is a synthesis of Eastern and Western philosophical thought, drawing on Zen Buddhism and the ideas of philosophers like Kierkegaard, Nietzsche, and Heidegger[1][4][5].

Philosophy as a way of life

Pierre Hadot

In 'Philosophy as a Way of Life,' Pierre Hadot argues that ancient philosophy was not merely a theoretical discipline but an art of living aimed at relieving suffering and transforming the self. The book delves into 'spiritual exercises' such as self-control, meditation, and the view from above, which were central to the practices of Socrates, Stoicism, and Epicureanism. Hadot's work emphasizes the importance of these exercises in achieving wisdom and living a fulfilling life, and it highlights the distinction between ancient philosophical practices and the more abstract, theoretical approach of modern philosophy[2][4][5].

The perennial philosophy

Aldous Huxley

The Perennial Philosophy, by Aldous Huxley, is a seminal work exploring the common ground between various mystical and religious traditions. Huxley argues for the existence of a universal mystical experience that transcends cultural and religious differences. The book draws on a wide range of sources, including ancient scriptures, philosophical texts, and mystical writings. It explores themes of unity, consciousness, and the nature of reality. Huxley's insightful analysis and eloquent prose have made this book a classic in the field of comparative religion and philosophy.

On Bullshit

Harry Frankfurt

In 'On Bullshit', Harry G. Frankfurt argues that bullshitters misrepresent themselves to their audience not by deliberately making false claims, but by conveying a certain impression without concern for whether anything is true. He distinguishes bullshitting from lying, noting that liars at least acknowledge the importance of truth, whereas bullshitters disregard it entirely. Frankfurt contends that excessive indulgence in bullshit can undermine the capacity to tell the truth in a way that lying does not, making bullshit a greater enemy of truth than lies. The book explores the prevalence of bullshit in modern society and its implications for communication and truth[1][3][5].

Awakening from the Meaning Crisis

A Deeper Understanding of Meaning and the Meaning Crisis

John Vervaeke

In "Awakening from the Meaning Crisis," John Vervaeke explores the pervasive sense of meaninglessness in modern society. He delves into the cognitive and philosophical roots of this crisis, examining how our understanding of the world contributes to feelings of emptiness and disconnection. Vervaeke offers a framework for understanding meaning, proposing that it's not a singular entity but a multifaceted concept encompassing purpose, significance, and mattering. He challenges readers to re-evaluate their values and find meaning in their lives through self-reflection and engagement with the world. The book provides a blend of philosophical insights and scientific research, offering a comprehensive approach to navigating the meaning crisis.

The Enigma of Reason

A New Theory of Human Understanding

Dan Sperber

Hugo Mercier

In 'The Enigma of Reason', Mercier and Sperber argue that human reason did not evolve to enable individuals to solve abstract logical problems or make better decisions on their own. Instead, they propose that reason is primarily a social competence, developed to justify thoughts and actions to others, produce arguments to convince others, and evaluate the reasons given by others. This theory explains why reason is both a unique cognitive capacity of humans and why it often leads to biased and lazy reasoning. The book emphasizes that reason's main utility lies in facilitating cooperation and communication within complex social groups, making it an adaptation to the hypersocial niche humans have built for themselves[1][2][3].

Commentary on Plotinus's Enneads

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Eric Perl

Explorations in Metaphysics

Norris Clarke

W. Norris Clarke's "Explorations in Metaphysics" is a collection of essays that delve into fundamental questions about the nature of reality, existence, and being. Clarke integrates insights from both classical and contemporary philosophical traditions, drawing on the works of thinkers such as Plato, Aristotle, and Aquinas. His work is characterized by a deep engagement with theological themes, exploring the relationship between faith and reason. Clarke's writing is known for its clarity, rigor, and intellectual humility, making complex metaphysical concepts accessible to a wider audience. The book is a valuable resource for anyone interested in exploring the fundamental questions of metaphysics.

The Eternal Law

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John Spencer

John Spencer's "The Eternal Law" is a unique exploration of the relationship between ancient Greek philosophy, modern physics, and ultimate reality. Spencer masterfully integrates insights from various disciplines, including philosophy, physics, and theology, to offer a comprehensive understanding of the cosmos. His work challenges conventional scientific and philosophical frameworks, proposing a new perspective that bridges the gap between ancient wisdom and modern scientific discoveries. Spencer's writing is characterized by its clarity, depth, and intellectual rigor, making complex ideas accessible to a wider audience. The book is a valuable resource for anyone interested in exploring the intersection of science, philosophy, and spirituality.