Jaime Muniz, a dedicated worker at a disability program for 11 years, shares his struggles earning just $1.28 per hour. Joining him is Amanda Morris, a disabilities reporter, who unveils the harsh realities of subminimum wage laws that affect many like Muniz. They discuss how these programs, while intended to prepare workers for better jobs, often fail to deliver meaningful opportunities. The conversation also touches on the pressing need for accountability and the future of the controversial 14C wage program.
Many disabled workers, like Jaime Muniz, earn subminimum wages below $1.50 per hour, raising concerns about their financial independence and future opportunities.
The 14C program, allowing employers to pay disabled workers less than minimum wage, faces growing scrutiny for its effectiveness and oversight in providing meaningful job skills.
Deep dives
Overview of Employment Facilities for People with Disabilities
Employment facilities specifically designed for people with disabilities, including Pathways to Independence, focus on providing job opportunities and skill development. Workers at these facilities engage in tasks like assembling products, packaging items, and performing menial tasks that are often repetitive. Although these workplaces are designed to offer some form of employment, the workers typically receive subminimum wages, often as low as $1 or $2 an hour. This system, rooted in historical legislation from the Great Depression, allows employers to pay disabled workers less than the national minimum wage, under the premise that it is better to work for lower pay than not work at all.
Challenges of Subminimum Wage Employment
While some workers express a desire to gain skills and experience, many, like Jamie Muniz, find themselves earning as low as $1.28 an hour for extensive work hours, which limits their financial independence. Jamie articulated a desire for more meaningful employment, expressing aspirations to work as a bartender rather than remaining in a facility where he engages in mundane tasks. His situation highlights a broader issue of lack of progression within the system, where few workers transition to community jobs due to insufficient skills tied to repetitive tasks offered in such programs. The limitations of this model raise questions about fairness and the effectiveness of the training provided.
Program Mechanics and Misalignment with Modern Standards
The program allowing subminimum wages, known as 14C, provided a way for employers to incentivize hiring individuals with disabilities through legal loopholes that have remained largely untouched since the 1930s. Nonprofits operating under this framework argue they are helping disabled workers acquire job skills; however, many workers struggle to find jobs outside the program due to the nature of their tasks. The balance of meeting workers' needs versus organizational capabilities often leaves many feeling stuck, with an alarming degree of oversight issues leading to labor law violations. With an estimated 40,000 workers under this program, there are notable inconsistencies in accountability and transparency regarding wages and working conditions.
The Debate on the Future of 14C Programs
With growing advocacy from disability rights organizations, there is an increasing push to reassess the effectiveness of programs like 14C, which some argue could perpetuate a cycle of dependency and limited opportunities. States that have phased out such programs have seen increases in employment levels for people with cognitive disabilities, suggesting that with the right support, individuals can flourish in more integrated work environments. However, families of participants frequently resist changes due to fears of job loss and lack of support, revealing a complex debate over security versus opportunity. The future of the 14C system remains uncertain, with potential federal action needed to enforce greater protections and push for more equitable practices in the employment of disabled individuals.
At the Pathways to Independence program in Kearny, N.J., disabled workers sort clothing hangers and unload boxes through work contracted with outside companies. One of those workers is 33-year-old Jaime Muniz, who has been there for 11 years and whose paycheck recently averaged about $1.28 per hour.
Yet paying workers with disabilities far below minimum wage is completely legal. Muniz is one of tens of thousands of workers with intellectual and developmental disabilities who are paid subminimum wages at facilities across the country. The labor program, sanctioned by federal law, is supposed to prepare workers for higher-paying jobs in the community, and while many families support them, Morris and her colleagues Caitlin Gilbert and Jacqueline Alemany found in a months-long investigation that they often lack oversight and accountability.
Today’s show was produced by Elana Gordon with help from Sabby Robinson and Ariel Plotnick. It was edited by Reena Flores and mixed by Sam Bair. Thanks to Emily Codik, Caitlin Gilbert, Jacqueline Alemany, Lauren Gurley and Andrea Sachs.