Water 1.0. More desalination plants are required now

Tampa Bay Desalination Plant 1. The Tampa Florida seawater desalination facility produces 25 million gallons of water per day. 2. The plant has 15 miles of pipes to transport the water providing water for 1.8 million people 3. The reverse osmosis (RO) system has seven independent trains, each comprising a transfer pump, cartridge filters, reverse osmosis membranes, associated high-pressure pump and an energy recovery turbine (ERT). 4. An 800hp vertical turbine transfer pump in each train draws raw water from the pre-treatment wet well to the 5µm cartridge filter assembly. The water then enters the RO process itself. 5. Each battery of reverse osmosis membranes is fed with pressurized water by a 2,250hp, horizontal split case high-pressure pump, equipped with variable frequency drives which allow the feed pressure to be varied between 625psi and 1,050psi. These were fitted to the pumps to accommodate the variation in salinity of the water, which naturally ranges between 18 and 32 parts per thousand (ppt) in Tampa Bay, compared with the narrower 28-35ppt of typical seawater. 6. Each of the plant's seven RO batteries has a minimum rated production of 16,000m³/day and consists of 168 pressure vessels, containing eight SWRO membranes apiece. Carlsbad Desalination Project Fact: 1. I.W technologies is converting sea water to fresh water in Carlsbad. The $1 million demonstration project will produce 35,000 gallons of water a day. The larger plant is existed to provide San Diego with 50 million gallons of water a day. 2. The plant will cost $230 million and produce enough fresh water to meet the annual needs of 400,000 people. The San Diego county water authority will spent $42 million for pipeline and pumping stations. 3. Every year, 10 percent of the total 600,000 square feet of reverse osmosis membranes will be changed out. 4. The cost will be $909 per acre foot of water. Potential exists for a $250 per acre-foot subsidy from the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California 5. 100 million gallons of seawater would be pumped into the plant every day (Reference Link) Los Angels Desalination projects Fact: 1. The Los Angels Department of Water and Power is the largest municipal utility in the US serving four million residents. 2. A new direct connection to the California aqueduct is being explored increasing use of recycled water. 3. A second possibility is the creation of a desalination plant using salt water from the Pacific Ocean at Playa del Rey. In 2010, active desalination plants were one located at Diablo Canyon owned by Pacific Gas & Electric Co using reverse osmosis. Other active sites include Gaviota, Moss Landing, Nicholas Island, and Monterey Bay. (Reference Link) 4. The LADWP provided more than 200 billion US gallons (760 billion liters) of water in 2003, pumping it through 7,226 miles (11,629 km) of pipe. 48% of the water came from the Sierra Nevada mountains via the Los Angles Aqueduct, 41% came from the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California, 11% was from local groundwater, and % came from recycled water (Reference Link)